Stainless steel automobile

Hard metal that is white in pure state but brilliantly colored as compounds in trace amounts it gives gems their colors used in paints, automobile bumpers, and stainless steel. 

Chromium has taken its place among the world s useful metals, and stainless steel, chromium-plated hardware and automobile trimmings, and artistic chromium jewelry now bear witness to the importance of Vau-quelin s discovery. 

For the control of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles, oval-shaped extruded cordierite or metal monolith catalysts are wrapped in ceramic wool and placed inside a stainless steel casing (Fig. 19-18a). The catalytic metals are Pt-Rh or Pd-Rh, or combinations. Cell sizes typically ranges between 400 and 600 cells per square inch. The catalysts achieve over 90 percent reduction in all three pollutants. 

In the winter of 1984-1985, test samples on Plexiglass plates were exposed in each of the test cities. These included samples of bare weighed auto-body steel, weighed galvanized steel, and painted auto-body steel with stainless steel trim. Where painted panels were involved, cut edges were coated in the stainless steel trimmed panels, the ends of the stainless steel bolts used for electrical continuity were coated as well. Nylon bolts were used to attach the other test specimens to the Plexiglass plate which was mounted on the front bumper of an automobile. 

Auto body corrosion adjacent to stainless steel trim occurs in environments where de-icing salts are used. The effects of acid deposition combined with road salts produces a synergystic effect on the degradation of automobiles. (Photo by Robert... 

Design for corrosion resistance may be almost exclusively for appearance when favorable appearance is an economic advantage. Stainless steel and aluminum are frequently used for architectural applications and in food service largely for appearance. They also are used for trim on automobiles for the same reason. 

Perhaps the best-known use of chromium is as a decorative, protective, shiny plating over other metals, with chrome-plated automobile parts being a famihar example. Chromium is also an important alloy component in stainless steel because it makes the steel stronger and more corrosion-resistant. Paint pigments account for more than one-third of all chromium usage each year. 

Adhesives of HP type have been shown to bond bronze, lead, nickel, magnesium, copper, aluminum, steel, and stainless steel, in addition to most of the other substrates that earher offerings were capable of bonding. They did, however, continue to show weaknesses when zinc surfaces were bonded. So these adhesives may not be well suited for certain appKcations in the automobile area where galvanized steel is being bonded (Note that later generations covered in this chapter do not necessarily have this shortcoming). 

Micronozzles with high surface quality can be fabricated on advanced high strength temperature resistance (HSTR) materials such as titanium, nickel alloys, and stainless steel utilizing the EMM technique. These micronozzles can be successfully utilized in various applications such as injectors for automobile and aerospace applications, microfluidic applications for heat transfer devices, as well as for various biomedical applications. 

The use, since 1975, of catalytic converters in automobiles has resulted in increased exhaust gas temperatures, up to 870°C (1600°F), with metal temperatures up to 760 °C (1400 F), as well as increased concentrations of corrosive chemicals, such as sulfuric acid, in the exhaust gas stream. As a result, materials resistant to high-temperature oxidizing conditions, such as hot dip aluminum-coated type 409 stainless steel, are being used in automotive exhaust systems [35-37]. 

In the construction industries, UPE-based FRP has been replacing aluminium, stainless steel and wood because of its low cost, and ease of cleaning and working. The examples for such applications are solar panels, wall liners, automobile components, liners for truck trailers and railroad cars. UPE-FRP products are used to make sanitary ware as replacements for conventional materials such as porcelainised cast iron due to their obvious advantages of lower cost and easier installation. The other related applications are bath tubs, showers, toilets and sinks. 

Superhydrophobicity is the ability of some surfaces to imitate the water repeUency of lotus leaf. Superhydrophobic surfaces can also exhibit self-cleaning properties, which are useful for automobiles because droplets that roll off of the surface carry away particles that are larger than microstmcture spacing. The materials that can be microstructured by the approach presented include stainless steels, tool steel, nickel, titanium, copper and carbide steels. 

All three materials, plus a plasma sprayed Cr203, have been deposited onto test substrates (422 stainless steel) and submitted to Cummins for finish grinding and wear evaluation. The same coatings were also sprayed to 0.010 in. thickness onto four sets of Chevrolet automobile piston rings to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the above coating procedures to piston... 

Occupational siderosis, caused by tattooing with iron particles, was observed in employees working with spot-welding in an automobile factory (Jirasek 1979)- Occupational asthma due to stainless-steel welding has also been reported (Keskinen et al. 1980). 

Figure 14.22 A stainless steel catalytic converter used in automobiles. The converter contains catalysts that promote the conversion of exhaust gases into CO2, H2O, and N2. 

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