Autoclave rooms

AREA Coding room Room No. (Class 10,000/100,000) Reference sampling point Unloading autoclave Room No. (Class 1000/10,000) Ref ence sampling point Material,Airlock Room No. (Class 10,000/100,000) Rekrence sampling point it Personnel Airlock Room No. (Class 10,000/100,000) Reference sampling point ... 

Unloading autoclave Room no. Wall, floor, autoclave surface, control panel, movable table, corner Wall, wall near autoclave, doorknob, above autoclave door, floor beneath autoclave, autoclave surface, control panel, each tool, table, chairs, belts of moving benches or chairs, waste containers, corners (especially unused) 1 CFU 3 CFUs... 

Area/ Limits Preparation Room Washing Room Autoclave Room Filling Room Freeze Drying Room Capping Room ... 

Caution. Due to the highly toxic nature of carbon monoxide and flammable nature of hydrogen gas, this procedure must be carried out in a well-ventilated hood the autoclave room must also be well ventilated. 

Autoclaves are usually installed in high, light rooms equipped with traveling hoists. Figure 56 on page 376 shows, in cross section, a factory layout for a dye plant with its adjoining autoclave room. The illustration shows how the completed reaction mixture is transferred directly from the autoclave to the processing rooms. 

Ti-TUD-1 Sponge-like pore structure TBOT TEOS TEA TEA, Ti fi-butoxide, TEAOH and aging and heating dry gel in autoclave Room temperature, 1—4 days Shan, 2001 (47)... 

Autoclaving waste containing flammable liquids may result in a fire or explosion. (It should also be noted that steam sterilization of waste that contains bleach may harm an autoclave.) To autoclave voluminous chemical-biological waste streams, it may be appropriate to dedicate an autoclave room with ample ventilation and to restrict access. 

For ongoing treatment of this waste, dedicate an autoclave or autoclave room for this purpose. The room should have ample ventilation. 

Since agaves contain oligofructans (Lopez. 2003), they must be hydrolyzed to obtain fermentable sugars. This is done by cooking the agave pifias in ovens, after they have been cut into two to four pieces. There are different types of ovens autoclaves, room ovens (or "mamposteria") and soil ovens. In the soil oven, the cooking time and temperature are not controlled, which affects the amount of hydrolysis. For room ovens and autoclaves, the temperature and time are controlled and the hydrolysis is uniform. 

Room temperature Autoclave Room temperature Autoclave ... 

This experiment can only be done in a well-ventilated hood in an autoclave room due to the extreme toxicity of CO and the explosive nature of hydrogen with air. 

Polypropylene is translucent and autoclavable and has no known solvent at room temperature. It is slightly more susceptible to strong oxidizing agents than polyethylene. 

WeU-cleaned aluminum filings react at room temperature in the presence of mercuric chloride (20,21). In an autoclave, metallic aluminum and ethyl alcohol react without a catalyst at 120°C (22). The reaction can also be promoted by the addition of sodium ethoxide (23). Aluminum should be avoided as a material of constmction for ethanol service. 

Silva (1971) used the Berty reactor to execute exploratory measurements on vapor-phase hydrogenation of organic substrates that had little vapor pressure at room temperature. The substrate was measured by weight in a small ceramic boat and put on the catalyst screen beside a few particles of catalyst, also measured by weight. Then the stirring started, and the autoclave was heated to the reaction temperature. Finally the desired hydrogen pressure was applied suddenly and the reaction started. 

The autoclave is cooled to room temperature, and the carbon dioxide is bled off. The solid reaction product is taken from the autoclave, pulverized, and dissolved in 1 1. of water at 50-60°. Ten grams of decolorizing carbon is added, and the mixture is stirred well and filtered to remove cadmium salts and carbon. The filtrate is heated to 80-90° and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 1 (Note 5). 2,6-Naphthalenedicar-boxylic acid precipitates. It is separated from the hot mixture by filtration. It is then suspended in 500 ml. of water at 90-95° (Note 5), separated by filtration, and washed successively with 300 ml. of water, 300 ml. of 50% ethanol, and 300 ml. of 90% ethanol. After being dried at 100-150°/150 mm. in a vacuum oven, the 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid weighs 42-45 g. (57-61%). It decomposes on a heated block at 310-313°. 

Teflon support with its glass side facing the gas inlet the autoclave was evacuated (10 min, < 1 mbar), carefully filled with HCl gas (1 bar) and heated to 110°C for 15 min. After opening the autoclave the HCl vapors were blown out with a stream of cold air (5 min) and the HPTLC plate was cooled to room temperature. In order to intensify and stabilize the fluorescence the plate was dipped in a solution of liquid paraffin in chloroform (30 + 70) for 15 s. 

The classical procedure for the Wolff-Kishner reduction—i.e. the decomposition of the hydrazone in an autoclave at 200 °C—has been replaced almost completely by the modified procedure after Huang-Minlon The isolation of the intermediate is not necessary with this variant instead the aldehyde or ketone is heated with excess hydrazine hydrate in diethyleneglycol as solvent and in the presence of alkali hydroxide for several hours under reflux. A further improvement of the reaction conditions is the use of potassium tcrt-butoxide as base and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent the reaction can then proceed already at room temperature. ... 

Reactions under pressure are usually carried out in an autoclave. However, several simple vessels can be used for reactions at moderate pressure. A heavy walled Pyrex test tube or Kjeldahl flask drawn out and sealed with an oxygen torch makes a suitable container for many Diels-Alder reactions. The tube can be heated in an oil or water bath, but care must be exercised to protect against explosions. At the conclusion of the reaction, the tube is cooled to room temperature, the neck is scratched with a file or carborundum chip, and a hot Pyrex rod is touched to the scratch. A large crack in the neck should result, and the sealed top can be easily knocked off. 

A solution of 24.6 g of o-allyl-epoxypropoxybenzene dissolved in 250 ml of absolute ethanol saturated with ammonia was placed in an autoclave and heated on a steam-bath for 2 hours. The alcohol was then removed by distillation and the residue was redissolved in a mixture of methanol and ethylacetate. Hydrogen chloride gas was introduced into the solution. The hydrochloride salt was then precipitated by the addition of ether to yield 11.4 g of product. Five grams of the amine-hydrochloride thus formed were dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and 9 ml of acetone. The resulting solution was cooled to about 0°C. At this temperature 5 g of sodium borohydride were added over a period of 1 hour. Another 2.2 ml of acetone and O.B g of sodium borohydride were added and the solution was kept at room temperature for 1 hour, after which 150 ml of water were added to the solution. The solution was then extracted with three 100-ml portions of ether which were combined, dried over potassium carbonate, and evaporated. The free base was then recrystallized from petrol ether (boiling range 40°-60°C) to yield 2.7 g of material having a melting point of 57°C. 

The terms hot corrosion or dry corrosion are normally taken to apply to the reactions taking place between metals and gases at temperatures above 100 C i.e. temperatures at which the presence of liquid water is unusual. The obvious cases of wet corrosion at temperatures above 100 C, i.e. in pressurised boilers or autoclaves, are not considered here. In practice, of course, common metals and alloys used at temperatures above normal do not suffer appreciable attack in the atmosphere until the temperature is considerably above 100 C. Thus iron and low-alloy steels form only the thinnest of interference oxide films at about 200 C, copper shows the first evidence of tarnishing at about 180 C, and while aluminium forms a thin oxide film at room temperature, the rate of growth is extremely slow even near the melting point. 

---