Aureomycin

In 1939 the isolation of a mixture of microbial products named tyrotbricin from a soil bacillus was described. Further investigation showed this material to be a mixture of gramicidin and tyrocidine. In rapid succession the isolation of actinomycin (1940), streptothricin (1942), streptomycin (1943), and neomycin (1949), produced by Streptomjces were reported and in 1942 the word antibiotic was introduced. Chloramphenicol, the first of the so-called broad spectmm antibiotics having a wide range of antimicrobial activity, was discovered in 1947. Aureomycin, the first member of the commercially important tetracycline antibiotics, was discovered in 1948. 

Aureomycin (7-chlorotetracycline) [57-62-5] M 478.5, m 172-174°(dec), [a] -275° (MeOH), pK 3.3, pK2 7.44, PK3 9.27. Dehydrated by azeotropic distn of its soln with toluene. On cooling anhydrous material crystallises out and is recrystd from CgH, then dried under vacuum at 100° over paraffin wax. (If it is crystd from MeOH, it contains MeOH which is not removed on drying.) [Stephens et al. J Am Chem Soc 76 3568 1954 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 14 137 1964]. 

GB Aureocort (Wyeth)-comb. Aureomycin (Wyeth) Deteclo (Wyeth)-comb. 

Aureomix (SIT)-comb. J Aureomycin (Lederle) USA Aureomycin (Lederle) wfm... 

Aureomycin (Lederle)-comb. with chlortetracycline Biofanal (Pfleger)... 

Tetracycline and several related antibiotics (aureomycin = chlorotetracycline, terramycin — oxytetracycline dihydrate) are also obtained from various species of Streptomyces, but are of very different structure, being based on the fused polycyclic arene naphthacene. The presence of five hydroxy substituents (six for terramycin) and an NMe2 group, and possibilities for various conformations and tautomers, complicate the study of their... 

The current official FDA Chlortetracycline Working Standard is chlortetracycline hydrochloride, Lot //501-632B-95-1 (9/29/53), obtained from Lederle, which markets the antibiotic under the proprietary name Aureomycin. The current working standard has an assigned potency of 1000 yg/mg (the term yg applied to chlortetracycline means the chlortetracycline activity (potency) contained in 1 yg of the FDA Chlortetracycline Master Standard (Lot 990-107-141-1), which is also chlortetracycline hydrochloride). 

In the same study aureomycin (150 mg.) was administered to 27 normal young men during 2 1/2 days. There were 67 reactions 58 "slight," 6 "moderate," 3 "severe." Twenty individuals out of 27 showed some kind of reaction. When 50 control individuals received placebos, there were 11 "slight" and 3 "moderate" reactions. Seven individuals out of 50 showed some reaction. 

Important tetracyclines include chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) and oxytetracycline (Terramycin). Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics, which means that they... 

Other key classes of antibacterials include the tetracyclines (Aureomycin, Terramycin), macrolides (erythromycin, Zithromax, Biaxin), and aminoglycosides (streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin). These antibacterials are protein synthesis inhibitors. 

Many of the organisms employed are extremely sensitive to antibiotic residuals in the milk. As shown in Table III, as little as 0.05 to 1.0 lU/ml of penicillin and 0.05 to 10.0 microgram/ml of aureomycin inhibited the growth of 19 cheese starter cultures (18). Lower levels are capable of affecting the flavor and texture properties of the product (14, 19) as well as promoting the growth of undesirable antibiotic resistant coliforms (14, 20). 

Table III. Minimum Inhibitory Levels of Penicillin and Aureomycin for Common Dairy Starter Cultures ...

My association with antibiotics in livestock feeds started in 1949 when Dr. Robert Stokstad and I found that aureomycin mash increased the growth of young chickens that received a complete diet., The growth-promoting effect of aureomycin (chlortetracycline) was announced at the American Chemical Society meetings in Philadelphia, April 1950. 

Among the recent outstanding contributions to the chemistry of natural products is the conformational analysis designed by Derek Barton. He used it for the structural determinations of many complex molecules such as P-amyrin and cycloartenol. Robert B. Woodward was involved in the structural determinations of penicillin, strychnine, patalin, terramycin, aureomycin and the synthesis ofVitamin B12. 

Ouglone is the only quinone identified as an allelopathic compound from higher plants (5). It is produced by walnut trees and is a potent inhibitor. Numerous antibiotics produced by microorganisms are quinones, including the tetracycline antibiotics such as aureomycin (80). 

Tetracycline (SUBAMYCIN) Oxytetracycline (TERRAMYCIN) Chlortetracycline (AUREOMYCIN) Demeclocycline (LEDERMYCIN) Doxycycline (BIODOXI) Minocycline (CANOMYCIN)... 

Other chemicals which inhibit milk lipase include hydrogen peroxide, animal cephalin, sodium arsenite, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, 2,4 din-itro-l-fluorobenzene, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, potassium dichromate, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, aureomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, and terramycin (Schwartz 1974). 

Chlorotetracycline ( Aureomycin) Inhibits root and shoot growth... 

---