Streptomyces aureofaciens, aureomycin

Aureomycin (chlortetracycline hydrochloride) Sugars Streptomyces aureofaciens... 

In 1948, Benjamin M. Duggar (1872-1956), a professor at the University of Wisconsin and a consultant to Lederle, isolated chlortetracycline from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Chlortetracycline, also called aureomycin, was the first tetracycUne antibiotic and the first broad-spectrum antibiotic. Active against various organisms, aureomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis. The discovery of the tetracychne ring system also enabled further development of other important antibiotics. Since that time more than a hundred molecules active against a wide range of bacteria have been discovered. 

Soon after the introduction of chloramphenicol into medicine a second antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum was discovered in the Lederle Laboratories . This substance was produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens and was named aureomycin. Later, a similar substance, terramycin, was isolated at Chas. Pfizer Inc. from the culture fluid of Streptcrmyces rimosus . The complete structure of terramycin was elucidated in 1953 and that of aureomycin a year later. 

In 1948, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, chlortetra-cycline (Aureomycin), was announced from the Lederle Laboratories, Division of American Cyanamid Company. This antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens when grown under submerged aerobic conditions on media composed of sugar, cornsteep liquor, and mineral salts. The crystalline compound has a golden yellow color, which suggested the trade name. 

Chlortetracycline Streptomyces aureofaciens Antibacterial Aureomycin (Alpharma, Baltimore, MD) Medicated animal feeds... 

T. is an antibiotic substance produced by Strepto-myces spp., e.g., Streptomyces viridifaciens fermentation with Streptomyces rimoses leads to 5-hydroxy-t. (= oxytetracycline), with Streptomyces aureofaciens, 7-chlorotetracycline (= aureomycine) is obtained. Its hydrochloride, the phosphate complex and its lauryl sulfate complex are used as antibacterials against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria t. acts as an anti-amebic and anti-rickettsial agent. 

Tetracycline 4.30) and its derivatives are the most used of all broad-spectrum antibiotics . Their selectivity depends on their preferential accumulation by bacteria, as was outlined in the introduction to Chapter 3. Chelation of magnesium also plays an important part in their action, and this is discussed in Section 11.8. Tetracycline is prepared by the dechlorination of its 7-chloro-derivative ( Aureomycin ), the first medicinal tetracycline, isolated in 1947 from Streptomyces aureofaciens. It is a dimethyl-aminopentahydroxydioxo-octahydrowajprAac w carboxamide. 

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