AURELIA

In 1957, Townes developed the equation that showed that this same process could also obtain much smaller wavelengths (in the infrared and visible light range). Townes collaborated with Aithur Schawlow, a research assistant in his laboratoiy from 1949 to 1951, who then moved on to become a physicist at Bell Labs where Townes was still doing consulting work. Wlien he was a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia, Schawlow met Aurelia, Townes younger sister, who had come there to study singing. Soon the two married. 

Gy, acute single exposure Jellyfish, Aurelia aurita acute single exposure ... 

Prokopchak, M.J., D.P. Spangenberg, and J. Shaeffer. 1990. The effects of X irradiation on the metamorphosis and budding of Aurelia aurita. Radiation Res. 124 34A2. 

AMIX AURELIA AutoDROP Bruker Biospin Gmbh, Silberstreifen, D-76287 Rheinstetten, Germany. 

As protozoa and nematodes live in pore water in the soil, most of the methods are adapted from toxicity tests designed for aquatic samples. Among the protozoa the tests with cihates Tetrahymena pyriformis, Tetrahymena thermophiia, Colpoda cucullus, Colpoda inflata, Colpoda steinii, Paramecium caudatum, and Paramecium aurelia have been developed [ 102,112-117]. It is the opinion of some authors that the sensitivity of infusorians is higher than that of microorganisms [115,116]. 

Spangenberg DB. 1984. Use of the Aurelia metamorphosis test system to detect subtle effects of selected hydrocarbons and petroleum oil. In 2nd International symposium on responses of marine organisms to pollutants, Woods Hole, Mass., USA, Apr. 27-29, 1983. Mar Environ Res 14(1-4) 281-304. 

Jellyfish, Aurelia aurita] acute single exposure 50-150 Gy 50-400 Gy... 

The authors wish to thank Mrs. Aurelia Stella for her skillful contribution in the style setting and actual preparation of the typescript and Mr. C. Frachey and Mr. G. Inghilterra for valuable technical assistance. Great appreciation is also expressed to Drs. Barbara Floris and P. Mencarelli for their generous help during the final stages of preparation of the manuscript. 

Aurelia C. Sheppard, and Franklin A. Davis.1 Checked by David I. Magee and Robert K. Boeckman, Jr. 

Die size of the stock and their fatness declined dramatically in 1983 because of the outbreak of the medusa Aurelia aurita, which prospered on the enhanced level of zooplankton and competed with the sprat for food. Surprisingly, the sprat stock overcame the pressure from Aurelia the following year, and its fatness increased. Two years after that the medusae declined in numbers and the sprat stock increased dramatically. This reduced the food supply - and so the fatness of the stock declined. Die sprats grew fat again only when their numbers dropped in 1988. The food factor therefore influenced both the accumulation of energy and reproduction in the stock. 

Indices of condition like those mentioned above have also been used in studies of other water organisms. The food available to the medusa Aurelia aurita and the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi can be judged from their level of carbohydrates (Anninsky, 1990), and that available to copepods such as Calanus helgolandicus can be judged from their content of neutral lipids, especially wax esters (Yuneva and Svetlichny, 1996). 

Anninsky, B.E. (1990). Energy balance of the medusa Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea (In Russian). In Bioenergetics of Aquatic Organisms (G.E. Shulman and G.A. Finenko, eds), pp.l 1-32. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. 

David R. Turner1 Aurelia Pastor2 Mateo Alajarin2 Jonathan W. Steed1... 

Kiel Bight, Western Baltic Aurelia aurita scyphozoan medusae 17 (1982) Schnieder (1989)... 

Schneider, G. (1989). The common jellyfish Aurelia aurita Standing stock excretion and nutrient regeneration in the Kiel Bight, Western Baltic. Mar. Biol. 100, 507—514. 

Hansson, L. J., and Norrman, B. (1995). Release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by the scypho-zoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita and its potential influence on the production of planktonic bacteria. Mar. Biol. 121, 527-532. 

Lucas, C. H. (1994). Biochemical composition o Aurelia aurita in relation to age and sexual maturity. J. Exp. Mar. Biol Ecol 183, 179-192. 

A requirement for A -sterols seems to be satisfied in different species by different methods. Whereas starfish reduce the A -double bond of cholesterol before introducing the A -double bond/ in Paramecium aurelia cholesterol (A ) is converted into 7-dehydrocholesterol In Penicillium rubrum ergosterol... 

The inability of some phyla of invertebrates to biosynthesize terpenoids from simple precursors was discussed in Volume 1 of this Report. Further examples of Platyhelminthes species have been reported. Sterols, however, are needed and are derived from the diet. In the Protozoan Paramecium aurelia, cholesterol is converted into cholesta-5,7-dienol. ... 

Water-soluble fractions containing 54 were isolated from two species of jellyfish, Aurelia aurita and Carybdea rastonii. Besides arsenobetaine 54 (the major arsenic compound), the tetramethylarsonium ion 53 and arsenocholine 55 were also detected [151, 152]. Nine species of jellyfish, including the two species treated in the previous paper [151], were classified into arsenocholine-rich and arsenocholine-poor species. 

---