Augmented output

The command augtf augments the plant with the weighting functions as shown in Figure 9.31. The branch command recovers the matrices ap, bp, cp and dp packed in TSS. The hinfopt command produces the following output in the command window... 

Parkinsonism is unique among diseases of the CNS, in that it results from the known loss of a particular NT, i.e. DA, resulting from the degeneration of a particular pathway, the nigrostriatal. Dopamine also has a relatively limited distribution in the brain and few peripheral effects. It should therefore be amenable to therapy based on augmenting its function. Also since the role of DA appears to be to maintain a tonic inhibitory control on GABA output pathways from the striatum, possibly in part by an extra synaptic action (Chapter 6), it may not be necessary for it to be released physiologically from nerve terminals. Thus it may be adequate to just provide DA extracellularly. 

Observe that we have in this procedure worked out some of the steps previously left to the THEOREM PROVER, The previous procedure involves having the progranmer select a set of inductive assertions and critical points, and then feed this into the computer parts a VERIFICATION CONDITION GENERATOR and a THEOREM PROVER. In this alternative construction we still need inductive assertions as the nature of the Rule of Iteration for WHILE statements shows. Now the inductive assertions are fed directly into the THEOREM PROVER which las been augmented by the special axioms and rules D0,D1,D2,D3 and D4 in addition to all of the usual arithmetic axioms, rules of inference, rules for handling identities and special axioms for the primitives in question (such as the factorial axioms in our example). In effect the THEOREM PROVER works backwards from the output condition and the various inductive assertions using DO - D3 to find what amounts to path verification conditions -... 

EXAMPLE VII - A A RECURSION AUGMENTED PROGRAM FOR ( ) AND SOME COMPUTATION STEPS Program P = [Pg.256]

THEOREM 7.18 The class of recursion augmented program schemes with one output variable is effectively translatable into the class of recursion schemes. 

Let PR be the class of recursion augmented schemes defined in Section D of Chapter VII. Constable and Gries define a slightly different class P R using an alternative method of parameter passing. A scheme in P R contains a main scheme and procedure definitions. In this case, a procedure definition Qp contains at the start, in addition to a statement of formal parameters and local variables, a statement EETURN(z) where z is a new variable, the output variable, which can also appear in the instructions and calls of Qp. A call has the form v F(Up,...,un). If procedure Qp has formal parameters Xp,...,x, and output variable z, then the scheme executes as if call v F(Up,..., un) were replaced by... 

Validation of models is desired but can be difficult to achieve. Models are empirically validated by examining how output data (predictions) compare with observed data (such comparisons, of course, must be conducted on data sets that have not been used to create or specify the model). However, model validations conducted in this manner are difficult given limitations on data sources. As an alternative approach, model credibility can be assessed by a careful examination of the subcomponents of the model and inputs. One should ask the question Does the selection of input variables and the way they are processed make sense Also, confidence in the model may be augmented by peer reviews and the opinion of the scientific community. Common faults and shortcomings are... 

Since Kantrovitz et al. described the concept of counterpulsation in 1968 [3], the lABP has been the mainstay for temporarily augmenting the cardiac output and improving hemodynamics in acutely decompensated refractory HF [4, 5]. lABP use has been shown to reduce heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean left atrial pressure, afterload, and myocardial oxygen consumption by at least 20-30%. The lABP also modestly increases coronary perfusion pressure and decreases the right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance [6]. 

To estimate the model (St), the pure component spectra (with any augmentations for baseline) are supplied to the computer. For validation, the R and C matrices are submitted. The resulting output includes the statistical prediction errors, estimated concentrations, concentration residuals, and spectral residuals. For this example, no baselines are estimated only the pure component Spectra are used for S. 

Definition of a relay as given by Odierno of PicArsn (Ref 45d, p I) is An element of a fuze explosive train which augments an outside and otherwise inadequate output of a prior explosive component so as to reliably initiate succeeding train component. Relays, in general, contain a small single charge such... 

Fuze, Auxiliary Detonating (ADF). An additional fuze used to augment the output of a fuze explosive train or to increase the overall safety features of an item of ammunition (Compare with "Activator described in Section 2, Part A of this work, Glossary of Ordnance and Other Terms Used in This Description of Ordnance Items")... 

Driscoll et al. (155) summarized the relationship between N export and N deposition that is indicated by input-output budget data from a large number of watersheds in the United States and Canada these data are augmented in Figure 17b with results from recently published reports. Driscoll et al. (155) stressed that the data illustrated in Figure 17b were collected by using widely differing methods and various time scales (from 1 year to... 

Ephedrine stimulates both a- and p-receptors, causing increased heart rate, unchanged or augmented stroke volume, enhanced cardiac output, and increased blood pressure. It causes relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchi and gastrointestinal tract, stimulation of cerebral cortex, and pupil dilation. 

Absorption of fat in the newborn, and particularly in premature infants, is much less efficient than in adults due to the relatively low output of lipase and bile salts from the pancreas of the infant. Intragastric lipolysis by milk BSSL and lingual or salivary lipases, the secretion of which is stimulated by suckling, appears to augment the pancreatic lipase system in the newborn (Hamosh, 1979 Hernell and Blackberg, 1994). 

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