Output conditioning

If the flowchart P has a loop-free graph - if P is a tree - then the construction of W(P,A,B) is now quite simple. If P is loop-free there are only a finite number of paths 0, ...,on from START to STOP which are consistent and hence execution sequences. The input condition A(X) is a function only of the inputs, of course, while the output condition B(X,Y) can be regarded as a function of the input and of the final values of all the program variables (some of these values, of course, may play no role in the statement of the condition). Notice that under these conditions, when is a complete execution sequence from START to STOP, the path verification condition VCPjO AB, ) for any interpretation I is a function of the input X alone. 

Observe that we have in this procedure worked out some of the steps previously left to the THEOREM PROVER, The previous procedure involves having the progranmer select a set of inductive assertions and critical points, and then feed this into the computer parts a VERIFICATION CONDITION GENERATOR and a THEOREM PROVER. In this alternative construction we still need inductive assertions as the nature of the Rule of Iteration for WHILE statements shows. Now the inductive assertions are fed directly into the THEOREM PROVER which las been augmented by the special axioms and rules D0,D1,D2,D3 and D4 in addition to all of the usual arithmetic axioms, rules of inference, rules for handling identities and special axioms for the primitives in question (such as the factorial axioms in our example). In effect the THEOREM PROVER works backwards from the output condition and the various inductive assertions using DO - D3 to find what amounts to path verification conditions -... 

Input and output conditions are tabulated following. The enthalpies are with reference to 291 K. 

Determine the maximum power output of the cycle. Find the heat-transfer added, heat transfer removed, heat transfer surface area of the low-temperature side heat exchanger between the heat engine and the heat sink, and efficiency of the cycle at the maximum power output condition. 

Let r5 = 80°C and Tj = 220°C the optimized specific power output of the cycle is 14.53 kW/m. At the maximum optimized specific power output condition, LMTDh = 80K, LMTDh = 60K, rate of heat added from the heat source = 1208 kW, rate of heat removed to the heat sink = —865.2 kW, power required by the isentropic pump = —201.8 kW, power produced by the isentropic turbine = 544.9 kW, net power produced = 343.0 kW, and efficiency of the cycle = 28.39%, as shown in Fig. 7.9c. 

The net result is that in one brain-activated state, waking, the brain is in touch with the outside world and can act upon it, whereas in another equally activated state, REM sleep, it cannot do either. In both cases, the activation is real and important and must constitute a dimension of any model. But so diametrically opposed are the input-output conditions of waking and REM that they cannot possibly be dealt with by an activation-only model. We need the input-output (TO) dimension. 

The plots in Figures 7.8 and 7.9 make both Qer and Qeg infinite and therefore the dense phase and bubble phase conditions are identical and are equal to the output conditions of the reactor and the regenerator in this example. In case of finite exchange rates between the bubble and dense phases in reactor and regenerator, the output conditions from the reactor and the regenerator can be obtained by mass and heat balances for the concentration and the temperature of both phases and these expressions use the same symbols as before, but without the subscript D (used to signify the dense phase before). 

The computer program for the material balance contains several parts. First, a description ofeach item of equipment in terms of the input and output flows and the stream conditions. Quite complicated mathematical models may be required in order to relate the input and output conditions (i.e. performance) of complex units. It is necessary to specify the order in which the equipment models will be solved, simple equipment such as mixers are dealt with initially. This is followed by the actual solution of the equations. The ordering may result in each equation having only one unknown and iteration becomes unnecessary. It may be necessary to solve sets of linear equations, or if the equations are non-linear a suitable algorithm applying some form of numerical iteration is required. 

The proposed flow sheet produces hydrogen at a pressure of 10 bar according to the chosen pressure of the electrolysis cell. Compared to the electrolysis of water, whose pressure of hydrogen product is about 1 bar, the power requirement to raise the pressure up to 10 bar is not negligible. The electric power requirement to do such work is about 9.8 kj/mole H2. With this output condition, the new heat requirement for VHTR-powered water electrolysis becomes 881 kj/mole H2 With a total equivalent heat requirement of 680 kj/mole H2, the proposed HyS process flow sheet compares favourably to VHTR-powered water electrolysis. 

The condition u(0 ) = u prescribed by Equation 8, hereafter called the input condition states that every phase trajectory starts on a vertical line u = u. At the same time, the condition v(x ) = vt imposed by Equation 9 which we shall call the output condition demands that every trajectory ends on a horizontal line v = v- . Thus we have a point (u, v ) associated with each solution. The set of all such points constitutes a structure which we call the input - output space of the reactor. For the case of convex isotherm, this was done by Viswanathan and Aris (1). 

On an enthalpy versus entropy diagram (Mollier diagram), the above equation shows the slopes of chords to the constant pressure curve between input and output conditions. The constant pressure curves are convex (d2h/ds2). If the input conditions are the same for both exchangers, inequality (5.120) and Figure 5.5 show that... 

The purpose of this study is to generate peak pressure and impulse data on explosives, propellants, and other hazardous materials which are compared to similar parameters obtained from a hemispherical surface burst of TNT (Fig 3)> The results are reduced to a TNT equivalency value, which is defined as the weight ratio of TNT to test material for a given output condition. 

A related issue is the case when a buck IC is used in a so-called inverting configuration . We should realize that in doing so actually the topology has in effect changed from a buck to a buck-boost. So now we just cannot get 5 A of load current from a declared 5 A IC. How much load current is possible depends on the specific input-output conditions. So again, our peak current is not close to 5 A, nor should the inductor rating be 5 A . Or we will certainly be frozen into a July 4th timeframe forever. 

A - coefficient specific for the pollutant and atmosphere F - sedimentation coefficient for the pollutants in the atmosphere m - coefficient of the output conditions of the gas from pipe... 

This publication does not present details of any particular column design or of input-output conditions. 

The first factor is a measure of the relative ease or difficulty of the separation it is large when is close to unity and small when differs markedly from unity. The second factor is a measure of the magnitude of the job of separation it is proportional to the throughput, and is large when product and tails differ substantially in composition from feed, and small when these compositions are nearly equal. The second factor has been termed the separative capacity, because it is a measure of the rate at which a cascade performs separation. It equals the sum of two output terms, each the product of an output flow rate and a function of the corresponding output condition, minus an input term that is the product of the feed rate and a function of the input condition. The separative capacity is discussed in more detail in Sec. 10. 

Two parallel paths are being pursued to develop the linear alternator. First, an alternator is being designed, built and tested in-house. In parallel, Magnequench, Inc. has designed and fabricated an alternator for this application. Both alternators will be tested under full design output conditions. A picture of the alternator tester is presented in Figure... 

Input Conditions Output Condition Input Conditions Output Condition... 

The input and output conditions of the drying material and nitrogen drying gas are as follows Material feed temperature = 20°C. Feed moisture content = 8% wet basis. Wet material mass flow rate = 2000 kg/h. Product temperature = 50°C. Product moisture content = 0.2% wet basis. Nitrogen pressure at dryer inlet = 102.4 kPa. Temperature at dryer inlet = 120 °C. Mass flow rate wet basis at dryer inlet = 3000 kg/h. 

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