Welsbach, Carl Auer von

Auer von Welsbach, Carl, "History of the invention of incandescent gas-... 

Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929) separated praseodymium and neodymium. 

Georges Urbain (1872-1938) and Carl Auer von Welsbach confirmed the existence of the element in 1907. 

Neodymium (Nd, [Xe]4/46.s 2), name and symbol after the Greek words veo< + L upoq (neos + didymos, new twin). Discovered (1885) by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach. 

Lutetium (Lu, [Xe]4/ 145 / 6.v2), name and symbol after the Latin word Lutetia (Paris). Discovered (1907) by Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach. Silvery white metal. 

Neodymium - the atomic number is 60 and the chemical symbol is Nd. The name was originally neodidymium and was later shortened to neodymium, which is derived from the Greek neos for new and didymos for twin . It was discovered by the Swedish surgeon and chemist Carl Gustav Mosander in 1841, who called it didymium (or twin) because of its similarity to lanthanium which he had previously discovered two years earlier. In 1885, the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two elements. One of which he called neodymium (or new twin). 

It is obvious that the narrow band thermoluminescence 8, 9) influenced Carl Auer von Welsbach in developing his mantle between 1884 and 1892, but as discussed in the next chapter, the optimized conditions for white gas-light rather involve another t cpe of excited states of cerium(IV). On the other hand, the cathodo-luminescence in narrow bands discovered by William Crookes and carefully studied by Urbain [12) corresponds to internal transitions in the partly filled shell. Thus, the excited state of 4/ europium(III) produces the red emission (important for colour television) in the orthovanadate [13) Yi Eux VO 4 and in the oxysulphide (74) by transitions to " Fz, and Fq. Certain... 

Austrian mineralogist Carl Auer von Welsbach Found in the ores bastnasite and in monazite, which contain all of the natural rare earth elements alloy used in the auto and aircraft industries. 

Austrian mineralogist Carl Auer von Welsbach Highly magnetic and used in many commercial applications can be used to detect counterfeit paper money by showing whether the printing ink is magnetic. 

Austrian mineralogist Carl Auer von Welsbach and French scientist Georges Urbain Expensive and rare with few commercial applications name derives from the ancient Roman name for Paris. 

Origins. Since the 1890 S, monazite, the first commercial rare earth ore, was mined from black beach sands in Brazil and shipped to Austria for its 5 to 10% thorium oxide content. Carl Freiherr Auer von Welsbach spent 20 years of research work developing a bright incandescent gas mantle he discovered in 1866 with... 

French chemist Georges Urbain and Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach independently discover lutetium. 

This chapter begins with 1885, with the discovery of a new division. The discoverer was a young man and his first paper was of pure scientific character. The young chemist was Austrian, his name was Carl Auer von Welsbach. The rest of his life was devoted to rare earth elements they were turned into industrial raw materials by him, and he not only gathered fame but became a very rich man through them. For his scientific and industrial merits he was raised to the rank of baron, he became proprietor of castles and baronial estates in addition to his industrial enterprises. When he was granted the barony, the emperor Francis Joseph I received him in audience and told him that he had heard about the success of his discovery. Auer von Welsbach proudly answered ... 

Fig. 9. Carl Auer von Welsbach (Courtesy Austrian National Bank Vienna).

Discovery Carl Gustaf Mosander in Stockholm discovered didymium, the twin , in 1840. Carl Auer von Welsbach in Vienna discovered in 1885 that didymium is composed of two elements. One of them he called praseodymium the green twin , the other neodymium the new twin . 

Carl Auer von Welsbach, Vienna Praseodymium 1885 He separated Mosander s... 

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