Mosander, Carl Gustav

Carl Gustav Mosander isolated yttrium from the ore. 

Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858) The yttrium ore analyzed by Johan Gadolin (1760-1852) in 1794 and the cerium ore discovered by Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) in 1803 were thought to be the same... 

This leads to the question of who should be considered the ultimate discoverer of a chemical element Should it be the first person to describe the initial properties, the one who found the oxide or the metal, the one who separated the element or the first one to publish their results On the matter of publication, the Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius published an annual review (equivalent to our present abstract service) during the early nineteenth century. Berzelius usually cited articles published in other journals, but he also reported on the work in his laboratory which had not yet been published. This enabled his assistant Carl-Gustav Mosander to receive early credit for work that Mosander chose not to formally publish until many years later after he had worked out all of the details. In the element review, we shall see that the answer to the above questions would be any of the above criteria could qualify for discovery of particular elements. 

Erbium - the atomic number is 68 and the chemical symbol is Er. The name derives from the Swedish town of Ytterby (about 3 miles from Stockholm), where the ore gadolinite (in which it was found) was first mined. It was discovered by the Swedish surgeon and chemist Carl-Gustav Mosander in 1843 in an yttrium sample. He separated the yttriiom into yttrium, a rose colored salt... 

Terbium - the atomic number is 65 and the chemical symbol is Tb. The name derives from the village of Ytterby in Sweden, where the mineral ytterbite (the source of terbium) was first found. It was discovered by the Swedish surgeon and chemist Carl-Gustav Mosander in 1843 in an yttrium salt, which he resolved into three elements. He called one yttrium, a rose colored salt he called terbium and a deep yellow peroxide he called erbium. The chemist Berlin detected only two earths in yttrium, i.e., yttrium and the rose colored oxide he called erbium. In 1862, the Swiss chemist Marc Delafontaine reexamined yttrium and found the yellow peroxide. Since the name erbium had now been assigned to the rose colored oxide, he initially called the element mosandrum (after Mosander) but he later reintroduced the name terbium for the yellow peroxide. Thus the original names given to erbium and terbium samples are now switched. Since Bunsen spectroscopically examined Mosander s erbium (now terbium) sample and declared that it was a mixture, the question of who actually discovered terbium, Mosander or Delafontaine remains unresolved to this day. 

Cerium was the first rare-earth element discovered, and its discovery came in 1803 by Jons Jakob Berzelius in Vienna. Johann Gadohn (1760—1852) also studied some minerals that were different from others known at that time. Because they were different from the common earth elements but were all very similar to each other, he named them rare-earth elements. However, he was unable to separate or identify them. In the 1800s only two rare-earths were known. At that time, they were known as yttria and ceria. Carl Gustav Mosander (1797—1858) and several other scientists attempted to separate the impurities in these two elements. In 1839 Mosander treated cerium nitrate with dilute nitric acid, which yielded a new rare-earth oxide he called lanthanum. Mosander is credited with its discovery. This caused a change in the periodic table because the separation produced two new elements. Mosander s method for separating rare-earths from a common mineral or from each other led other chemists to use... 

The element was discovered in 1843 by Carl Gustav Mosander. He determined that the oxide, known as yttria, was actually a mixture of at least three rare earths which he named as yttria—a colorless oxide, erbia— a yellow oxide, and terbia— a rose-colored earth. Mosander separated these three oxides by fractional precipitation with ammonium hydroxide. Pure terbia was prepared by Urbain in 1905. The element was named terbium for its oxide, terbia, which was named after the Swedish town, Ytterby. 

Carl Gustav Mosander, 1797-1858. Swedish army surgeon, chemist, and mineralogist. Curator of the mineral collections at the Stockholm Academy of Sciences. Professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Caroline Institute. Discoverer of lanthana and didymia. The latter earth was afterward split by Auei von Welsbach into praseodymia and neodymia... 

Sept. 10, 1797 Birth of Carl Gustav Mosander, the discoverer of lanthanum and didymium, at Kalmar, Sweden. 

When the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander discovered lanthanum in 1839, he had no idea what he had started. He extracted it as its oxide - an earth - from cerium nitrate. Mosander s colleague Berzelius suggested the name, from the Greek... 

Cerium was the first rare earth element to be discovered. It was isolated in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797—1858). Mosander was studying a new rock that had been discovered outside the town of Bastnas, Sweden. Mosander named the new element cerium, in honor of the asteroid Ceres that had been discovered in 1801. 

One of the first scientists to work on gadolinite was Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797—1858). Mosander was able to separate gadolinite into three parts yttria, terbia, and erbia. Later, the parts he called erbia and terbia were given different names. 

Lanthanum was first discovered by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858) in 1839. This discovery was the first chapter in a long and interesting story. At the end of that story, six more elements had been discovered. All of these elements occur together in nature and were once hard to separate from each other. 

Cerite was thoroughly studied by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858). In 1839, Mosander was able to separate cerite into two parts, which he called cerium and lanthanum. Mosander believed he had found two new elements. Two years later, however, he learned that his lanthanum was not an element but a mixture of two parts. Mosander called these two new parts lanthanum and didymium. Mosander chose the name didymium because it means twin. He said that didymium was like an identical twin to lanthanum. Chemists later confirmed that two of Mosander s discoveries were really new elements cerium and lanthanum. 

During the late 1830s and early 1840s, Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858) was studying two puzzling minerals, ceria and yttria. Both minerals had been discovered more than 50 years earlier in remote parts of Sweden. The minerals were puzzling because they seemed to consist of a mixture of new elements. Mosander eventually showed that one of the elements in ceria produced pink compounds. He called the new element didymium. 

In 1843, Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797—1858) demonstrated that yttria was really a mixture of three other minerals. He called those minerals erbia, terbia, and yttria. All three of these names also came from the town of Ytterby. The ending -a on these names means that they refer to minerals that occur in the earth. A mineral ending in -a usually refers to an element combined with oxygen. For example, soda is a combination of sodium and oxygen. 

For about 50 years, nothing new was learned about yttrium. Then Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander (1797—1858) discovered that yttrium was not a single pure substance. Instead, it was a mixture of three new substances. In addition to Gadolin s yttrium, Mosander found two more elements. He called these elements terbium and erbium. 

Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander discovers that cerium contains a new element, which he names lanthanum. His lanthanum is later found to consist of four new elements. 

The name comes from a truncation of the name Ytterby, a town in Sweden where the original ore was discovered. It was one of a number of rare-earth elements linked to yttrium and was first identified by Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858) in 1843. It was not prepared in elemental form until 1905. It is rare and hard to refine. Terbium has few uses and is used primarily as a compound in some solid-state electronics. 

Carl Gustav Mosander 1797-1858 Ttabium, 1843, yttrium (very pure), lanthanum, 1839, erbium, 1843 Sweden... 

He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society and received the Copley Medal, and was elected to the Paris Institut in 1822. In 1832 he resigned his professorship, being succeeded by Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858), and devoted himself mainly to literary work. In 1835, when he married, he was made a baron and given a pension by King Charles XIV. Berzelius continued to interest himself actively in chemical discussions until his death on 7 August 1848. ... 

---