Auditory attention task

Linde, L., An auditory attention task A note on the processing of verbal information. Perceptual and Motor Skills 78(2), 563-570, 1994. 

Results from other variables assessed in sleep restriction studies are less consistent. For example, some studies have found no deficits in tasks assessing motor skills (48,49), auditory attention (47,48), sustained attention and response inhibition (50), memory tasks (47,49,139), and computational accuracy... 

Other implementations of divided-attention tasks also have continuous random tracking as the primary task but with a concurrent memory task (van Eekelen and Kerkhof, 2003 Jasper et al., 2010), concurrent digit span task (Baddeley et al., 1986 Dalrymple-Alford et al., 1994), concurrent auditory odd-ball task (Backs, 1997), or an intermittent visual detection task (Gazes et al., 2010), the latter being used to investigate the existence of competition for a capacity-limited bottle-neck stage. 

MiUot et al. (2002) evaluated the influence of pleasant (lavender oil) and unpleasant (pyridine, 11) ambient odors on performance in a visual or auditory alertness task, and in a divided attention task. The results showed that in the alertness task, irrespective of the tested modality, both fragrances independent of their hedonic valence improved performance by shortening reaction times compared... 

A total of 10 student volunteers (with mean age of 26.7 and standard deviation of 2.5, 4 females) from Saarland University entered the study. All subjects were given the informed consent prior to their participation and the experiments were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The maximum entropy auditory paradigm was used (more details can be found in [19]). For each experiment, subjects performed the attention task (i.e., detecting the target tones in a series of three different tones) for a length of 10 minutes followed by another 10 minutes of relaxing (with no attention). 

Some functional neuroimaging studies have examined the effects of scopolamine in cognitive tasks. Although scopolamine inhibits increases in cerebral blood flow to somatosensory stimulation, it does not inhibit the neural response (Ogawa et al. 1994). Thus, cholinergic systems may be involved in coordination of cerebral blood flow increases to neural activation. Subjects performing an attentional auditory discrimination... 

A relatively large number of studies have investigated the effects of opioids on tests requiring focused attention. Morphine (2.5 to 10 mg, IV)185 and propofol (70 mg, IV)193 impaired an auditory simple reaction time test, and fentanyl (1 to 2.5 ng/ml, IV)182 impaired a visual choice reaction time test. Jenkins et al.197 reported that IV (3 to 20 mg) and smoked (2.6 to 10.5 mg) heroin impaired performance on a simple visual reaction time task. However, other studies reported no effect of butorphanol (0.5 to 2.0 mg, IV),186 fentanyl (25 to 100 pg, IV),191 meperidine (0.25 to 1.0 mg, IV),192 and nalbuphine (2.5 to 10 mg, IV)189 on an auditory simple reaction time test. It may be... 

Although the effects of caffeine on some aspects of performance may be difficult to establish, the impact of this compound on tasks requiring vigilance or sustained attention is clearer. Lieberman et al. (110) evaluated the impact of 32-, 64-, 128-, and 256-mg doses of caffeine on a four-choice visual reaction time test (10 min), a continuous-performance task (variable duration), and the Wilkinson auditory vigilance test (1 hr). Results indicated that every dose of caffeine improved four-... 

During a task network simulation, the model of the crew may indicate they are required to perform several tasks simultaneously. The task network model evaluates total attentional demands for each human resource (e.g., visual, auditory, psychomotor, and cognitive) by combining the attentional demands across aU tasks that are being performed simultaneously. This combination leads to an overall workload demand score for each crewmember. 

Visual processing (field of view) Visual perception Auditory processing Central processing and memory Effectors/output behavior (35 primitive tasks) Attention—multiple-resource theory Anthropometric models Arditi and Azueta 1992 Lubin and Bergen 1992 Remington et al. 1992 Caid et al. 1983 Baddeley and Hitch 1974 Hamilton et al. 1990 Wickens 1984 Badler et al. 1993 (28)... 

Representation of human-automation integration requires functions of attentional control and concurrent task performance. Distributed attention and attention switching refer to an operator s ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. In many cases, a second task can be added to the performance of a primary task with little or no impact to the performance of the first task. In other cases, the performance of two tasks simultaneously has a disastrous interaction. Such context-and order-sensitive effects are determined in the scheduling and agenda management function provided in the MIDAS model. Attention capture functions are represented through a preattentive filter mechtmism that responds to physical characteristics of environmental stimuli (e.g., color, blinking, auditory characteristics). 

Attention Visual Auditory Upper extremity Vocal system Length of time that a task can be performed to specification and accuracy (if appropriate for task) when subject is instructed to perform for as long as possible ... 

The multiple-resource model of attention [Navon and Gopher, 1979 Wickens, 1980,1984] extends and specifies the resource concept by identifying several separate processing resources that are exclusive to a subset of activities. Results of numerous dual-task studies were used to distinguish separable resources. The model identifies different resource structures for verbal and auditory modalities, spatial and verbal codes, manual and vocal responses, and between (1) selection and execution of responses and (2) perceptual and central processing stages. 

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