Atropine respiratory tract

Constipation, caused by a decrease in intestinal motility, may occur in tiiose taking one of tiiese drag s on a regular basis. Drowsiness may occur widi die use of diese dm, but at times tins adverse reaction is desirable Fbr example when atropine is used preoperatively to reduce die production of secretions in die respiratory tract, drowsiness is part of die desired response... 

Preanesthetic drugs may be omitted in those 60 years or older because many of the medical disorders for which these drugsare contraindicated are seen in older individuals For example, atropine and glycopyrrolate, drugs that can be used to decrease secretions of the upper respiratory tract, are contraindicated in certain medical disorders such as prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, and myocardial ischemia. Other preanesthetic drugs that depress the central nervous astern (CN, such as narcotics barbiturates and antianxiety drugs with or without antiemetic properties may be contraindicated in the older individual. 

All smooth muscle activity which is physiologically under a strong parasympathetic influence is effectively inhibited by atropine, for example in the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory tract. Parasympatholytics are very useful drugs in the treatment of spastic conditions (colic) in these regions. 

Anticholinergics Prevent excessive salivation and respiratory tract secretions Atropine Glycopyrrolate Scopolamine Oral 2 mg IM 0.2-0.6 mg 30 to 60 minutes before surgery IM 0.0044 mg/kg body weight 30 to 60 minutes before induction of anesthesia IM 0.2-0.6 mg 30 to 60 minutes before induction of anesthesia... 

Atropine (41), isolated from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna L) is the racemic form, as isolated, of (-)-hyoscyamine [which is not isolated, of course, from the same plant but is typically found in solanaceous plants such as henbane ([Hyoscyamus nigerL)]. Atropine is used to dilate the pupil of the eye in ocular inflammations and is available both as a parasympatholytic agent for relaxation of the intestinal tract and to suppress secretions of the salivary, gastric, and respiratory tracts. In conjunction with other agents it is used as part of an antidote mixture for organophosphorus poisons (see Chemicals IN WAR.). 

Atropine, as well as glycopyrrolate, are routinely used before surgery or invasive procedures to reduce secretions, particularly those in the respiratory tract. Atropine is commonly used in conjunction with opiates, to reduce cholinergic effects produced by opiates. 

Jimsonweed Datura, devits apple, stinkweed) Respiratory tract diseases, hallucinogen Marked adverse effects due to atropine and related M-blockers... 

If exposure is through ingestion, the victim should seek medical help immediately. Emesis should not be induced. Initial management involves establishment of adequate ventilation and maintenance of adequate respiratory function. Activated charcoal therapy may be used to retard absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Atropine sulfate alone, or in combination with pralidoxime chloride, can be administered as an antidote. Atropine is initially administered intravenously at a dosage of 1-2 mg kg every 5-10 min until... 

Induction of emesis is contraindicated in the case of parathion poisoning due to the early onset of respiratory depression and seizures. Gastric lavage may be indicated if performed immediately after parathion ingestion. Activated charcoal/cathartic therapy may be adopted to retard the absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Atropine should be administered intravenously until atropinization is achieved. In adults, 2-5 mg kg should be administered every 10-15 min and in children 0.05 mg kg must be... 

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