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Atmospheric, dimethyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfoxide occurs widely at levels of <3 ppm. It has been isolated from spearmint oil, com, barley, malt, alfalfa, beets, cabbage, cucumbers, oats, onion, Swiss chard, tomatoes, raspberries, beer, coffee, milk, and tea (5). It is a common constituent of natural waters, and it occurs in seawater in the 2one of light penetration where it may represent a product of algal metaboHsm (6). Its occurrence in rainwater may result from oxidation of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, which occurs as part of the natural transfer of sulfur of biological origin (7,8). [Pg.107]

While investigating the potential for an instrument to measure atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) [69], discussed below, Hills et al. investigated the possibility of adding H2 to the reaction cell to provide chemical amplification of the chemiluminescence signal via the catalytic chain reaction ... [Pg.367]

Lovelock JE, Maggs C, Rasmussen R (1972) Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and the natural sulfur cycle. Nature 237 452 153... [Pg.191]

Ivey JP, Swan HB. 1995. An automated instrument for the analysis of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and carbon disulfide. Anal Chim Acta 306 259-266. [Pg.195]

Sulfur dioxide occurs in industrial and urban atmospheres at 1 ppb—1 ppm and in remote areas of the earth at 50—120 ppt (27). Plants and animals have a natural tolerance to low levels of sulfur dioxide. Natural sources include volcanoes and volcanic vents, decaying organic matter, and solar action on seawater (28,290,291). Sulfur dioxide is beHeved to be the main sulfur species produced by oxidation of dimethyl sulfide that is emitted from the ocean. [Pg.147]

Atmosphere—Water Interaction. Although water is a very minor component of the atmosphere, less than 10 vol % of the atmosphere consisting of water, many important reactions occur ki the water droplets of cloud, fog, and rain. The atmosphere is an oxic environment ki its water phase, gigantic quantities of reductants, such as organic substances, Fe(II), SO2, CH SCH (dimethyl sulfide), and nitrogen oxides, are oxidized by oxidants such as oxygen, OH radicals, H2O2, and Fe(III). [Pg.212]

Forest systems also act as sources of CO2 when controlled or uncontrolled burning and decay of litter occur. In addition, release of ethylene occurs during the flowering of various species. One additional form of emission to the atmosphere is the release of pollen grains. Pollen is essential to the reproductive cycle of most forest systems but becomes a human health hazard for individuals susceptible to hay fever. The contribution of sulfur from forests in the form of dimethyl sulfide is considered to be about 10-25% of the total amount released by soils and vegetation (12). [Pg.117]

Another interesting applieation of MDGC is in the rapid determination of isoprene (the most reaetive hydroearbon speeies) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (the major souree of sulfur in the marine troposphere and a preeursor to eloud formation) in the atmosphere (16). The deteetion limits were 5 and 25 ng 1 respeetively. [Pg.339]

Figure 4-13 shows an example from a three-dimensional model simulation of the global atmospheric sulfur balance (Feichter et al, 1996). The model had a grid resolution of about 500 km in the horizontal and on average 1 km in the vertical. The chemical scheme of the model included emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) from the oceans and SO2 from industrial processes and volcanoes. Atmospheric DMS is oxidized by the hydroxyl radical to form SO2, which, in turn, is further oxidized to sulfuric acid and sulfates by reaction with either hydroxyl radical in the gas phase or with hydrogen peroxide or ozone in cloud droplets. Both SO2 and aerosol sulfate are removed from the atmosphere by dry and wet deposition processes. The reasonable agreement between the simulated and observed wet deposition of sulfate indicates that the most important processes affecting the atmospheric sulfur balance have been adequately treated in the model. [Pg.75]

The vast majority of sulfur at any given time is in the lithosphere. The atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, on the other hand, are where most transfer of sulfur takes place. The role of the biosphere often involves reactions that result in the movement of sulfur from one reservoir to another. The burning of coal by humans (which oxidizes fossilized sulfur to SO2 gas) and the reduction of seawater sulfate by phytoplankton which can lead to the creation of another gas, dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), are examples of such processes. [Pg.346]

Andreae, M. O. and Raemdonck. H. (1983). Dimethyl sulfide in the surface ocean and the marine atmosphere a global view. Science 221, 744-747. [Pg.358]

Sulfides and disulfides can be produced by bacterial reactions in the marine environment. 2-Dimeth-ylthiopropionic acid is produced by algae and by the marsh grass Spartina alternifolia, and may then be metabolized in sediment slurries under anoxic conditions to dimethyl sulfide (Kiene and Taylor 1988), and by aerobic bacteria to methyl sulfide (Taylor and Gilchrist 1991). Further details are given in Chapter 11, Part 2. Methyl sulfide can also be produced by biological methylation of sulfide itself (HS ). Carbon radicals are not the initial atmospheric products from organic sulfides and disulfides, and the reactions also provide an example in which the rates of reaction with nitrate... [Pg.21]

Dimethyl sulfide (DM) and dimethyl disulfide have been measured in seawater and in the atmosphere by gas chromatography [309] and by GC-MS [310]. Some variety of cryogenic trapping is often used. [Pg.416]

Malin G (1996) The role of DMSP and DMS in the global sulfur cycle and climate regulation. In Kiene RP, Visscher P, Keller M, Kirst GO (eds) Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum, New York, pp 177-189 Malin G (1997) Sulphur, climate and the microbial maze. Nature 387 857-859 Malin G, Kirst GO (1997) Algal production of dimethyl sulfide and its atmospheric role. J Phycol 33 889-896... [Pg.191]

Fig. 3.34 S-isotope composition of (a) natural and (b) anthropogenic sulfur sources in the atmosphere, DMS Dimethyl-sulfide... Fig. 3.34 S-isotope composition of (a) natural and (b) anthropogenic sulfur sources in the atmosphere, DMS Dimethyl-sulfide...
Natural emissions of sulfur compounds to the atmosphere occur from a variety of sources, including volcanic eruptions, sea spray, and a host of biogenic processes (e.g., Aneja, 1990). Most of the volcanic sulfur is emitted as S02, with smaller and highly variable amounts of hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3). Sea spray contains sulfate, some of which is carried over land masses. [Pg.20]

Biogenic processes, however, emit reduced forms of sulfur, including dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide, with lesser amounts of carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethyl disulfide (CH3SSCH3), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and methyl mercaptan (Cl I3SH). These reduced sulfur compounds are then oxidized in the atmosphere as described in detail in Chapter 8.E. [Pg.21]

Barnes, I., K. H. Becker, D. Martin, P. Carlier, G. Mouvier, J. L. Jourdain, G. Laverdet, and G. Le Bras, Impact of Halogen Oxides on Dimethyl Sulfide Oxidation in the Marine Atmosphere, in Biogenic Sulfur in the Environment, Chapter 29, pp. 464-475, 1989. [Pg.337]


See other pages where Atmospheric, dimethyl sulfide is mentioned: [Pg.121]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.331]    [Pg.280]    [Pg.347]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.415]    [Pg.386]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.606]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.332]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.340]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.198 ]




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