Global sulfur cycle

Soderlund, R. and Svensson, B. H. (1976). The global nitrogen cycle. In "Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur - Global Cycles" (B. H. Svensson and R. Soderlund, eds), Ecol. Bull. No. 22, pp. 23-73, SCOPE. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. 

Granat, L. Rodhe, H. Hallberg, R. O. In Nitrogen. Phosphorus and Sulfur-Global Cycles. SCOPE Report 2, Ecol. Bull. Stockholm, 1976 22. 89. 

Granai, L., H, Rodhe, and R. O. Hali.berg, 1976. The global sulfur cycle, In Nitrogen, phosphona, and sulfur global cycles, ed B. H, Svensson and R. Sjoderlund. SCOPE Report no. 7. Ecol. Bull, (Sttx kholm) 22 89-134. 

B. H. SvENSSON and R. Soderlund (eds.). Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur-Global Biogeochemical Cycles, SCOPE Report, No. 7, Sweden 1976, 170 pp. also SCOPE Report No. 10, Wiley, New York, 1977, 220 pp, and SCOPE Newsletter 47, Jan. 1995, pp. 1-4. 

It is often taken for granted that the oxygen content of the air is nearly constant at ca. 20% of the atmospheric volume, that most of the liquid water on the planet is aerobic (i.e. contains O2), and that most water has pH values relatively close to neutral" (close to 7). However, these circumstances are not mere coincidences but are in fact consequences of the interaction of key global biogeochemical cycles. For instance, the pH of rainwater is often determined by the relative amounts of ammonia and sulfuric acid cycled through the atmosphere, a clear example of interaction between the nitrogen and sulfur cycles. 

Hypothetical problem for chemists consider the global cycle of selenium which has many chemical similarities to sulfur. Construct a box diagram for the global selenium cycle based on known similarities and differences of Se and S. 

Sulfates interacting with the ecosystems and establishing the interaction of the sulfur cycle with other biogeochemical processes are one of the most important elements in the global cycle of sulfur. Numerous complicated transformations of sulfates in the environment are described by the set of fluxes H2, H%, 7/10, Hu,... 

The microbial biogenesis and catabolism of DMS, as well as other biogenic sulfur compounds, and the environmental factors affecting these processes deserve attention in order to understand the relationships between acid rain, climate and the global cycle of sulfur. 

Wollast, R. (1993) Interactions of carbon and nitrogen cycles in the coastal zone. In Interactions of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Biogeochemical cycles and Global Change (Wollast, R., Mackenzie, F.T., and Chou, L., eds.), pp. 195-210, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

Arthur M. A. (2000) Volcanic contributions to the carbon and sulfur geochemical cycles and global change. In Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (eds. H. Sigurdsson, B. E. Houghton, S. R. McNutt, H. Rymer, and J. Stix). Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 1046—1056. 

Kump L. R. (1993) The coupling of the carbon and sulfur biogeochemical cycles over Phanerozoic time. In Interactions ofC, N, P, and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change (eds. R. Wollast, F. T. Mackenzie, and L. Chou). Springer, pp. 475-490. 

This global cycling of sulfur is closely linked to other geochemical cycles as well. In particular, it is tied to the abundance of atmospheric oxygen. 

The evolution of global cycling of sulfur as exemplified by Equations (19) and (20) above is closely tied to the evolution of atmospheric oxygen. Thus, sulfur geochemistry, particularly sulfur isotope data, has proved to be an important probe into the overall evolution of the Earth atmosphere system (Canfield et al., 2000 Canfield and Raiswell, 1999 Canfield and Teske, 1996 Knoll et al., 1998 Lyons et al., in press Schidlowski, 1979 Schidlowski et al., 1983). 

In comparison to other spheres, the sulfur content of the atmosphere is small, about 1.8 Tg compared with 1.3 X 10 Tg for hydrosphere (Table 6.4.1). However, in terms of the global cycle of sulfur, the atmosphere plays a complex and critical role (Fig. 6.4.1). The residence time for sulfur in the atmosphere is considered to be a few days with wide variations dependent upon meteorological and other factors (Kellogg et al., 1972). This contrasts with the case of the lithosphere, for example, which although by far the largest sulfur reservoir, has a turnover time in the order of millions of years (Holser and Kaplan, 1966). The atmosphere is also the recipient of the majority of anthropogenic sulfur. 

Compare the historical and modern data of the global sulfur biogeochemical cycle. Explain the relevant importance of natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks of this element in various compartments of the biosphere. 

Iron-sulfide minerals are important sinks for iron and sulfur as well as for trace metals and play an important role in the global cycles of these elements. Over the past 30 years extensive studies -... 

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