Atmosphere-ocean vegetation system

Are multiple ec[uilibria just a matter of the atmosphere-vegetation system, or do they occur also in the atmosphere-ocean—vegetation system So far, we have not yet found multiple solutions in the model of GanopoLski et al. (1998). (The model attains multiple solutions associated with multiple states of the thermohaline convection.) I blame this deficit on the coarse resolution of this model, because north Africa is represented by just three grid boxes, Sahara, Sudan, and tropical north Africa. Subsequently,... 

Table 3.10 exemplifies the calculation of C02 sinks into the vegetation cover of Russia. Such calculations using the GMNSS demonstrate the dynamics of the C02 flux mosaic in the atmosphere-plant-soil system. Knowledge of this mosaic makes it possible to assess the role of specific types of soil-plant formations in the regional balance of carbon, and on this basis to calculate the global fluxes of carbon dioxide across the atmosphere-land border. Similar calculations are also possible for the atmosphere-ocean system. 

There are 5 major reservoirs in the Earth system atmosphere, biosphere (vegetation, animals), soils, hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater), and the lithosphere (Earth crust). Elemental cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements interact with the different reservoirs of the Earth system. The carbon cycle has important aspects in tropical forests due to the large amount of carbon stored in the tropical forests and the high rate of tropical deforestation 0acob 1999)-... 

Radon ( Rn) measurements made by the ARCAS provide a simple, reliable, real-time indicator of the relative maritime or continental nature of the air over coastal or oceanic areas (8). With a half-life of 3.8 days, Rn originates from the decay of Ra, a member of the decay chain. At least 98% of Rn originates from land masses (9). The radon flux at the surface depends on the radium content of the soils and rocks, the permeability of the source materials, atmospheric pressure, soil moisture, and vegetative cover (10). Relatively abrupt changes in the radon concentration over the ocean usually indicate changes in air masses and the passage of frontal systems. 

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