Thermohaline convection

Both of the above types of convection are categorized as double-diffusive convection ( thermohaline when the two components are heat and salt), and, more generally, multicomponent convection. It is not necessary that the two components be a solute and heat. Any two materials with different diffusivities can cause these phenomena, even if the differences are as small as with salt and sugar. This phenomenon has been extensively studied by oceanographers because of the role it plays in ocean current mixing. The two behaviors we have described correspond to the fingering and diffusive regimes of double-diffusive convection. 

The existence of a homogeneous bottom water mass - bottom convective layer (BCL) - at water depths below 1740-1800 m was first reported, based on detailed CTD profiling, by Murray et al. [42] and since then it has been intensively studied [43-52], Based on the data obtained in 1999-2002 in the north-eastern Black Sea, the bottom water mass was characterized by the following parameters potential temperature 0 = 8.883-8.888 °C, salinity S = 22.330-22.334psu, and potential density oq= 17.233-17.236kgm 3 [51]. On average, the water column below 500 m is about 0.01 °C warmer and 0.003-0.005 psu saltier in the western part than in the eastern part of the sea. Recent detailed studies have shown that not only the thermohaline characteristics, but also concentrations of several chemical species in bottom waters... 

Flow of groundwater driven by osmosis and free thermal and thermohaline convection may occur locally in sedimentary basins. Thermal convection of groundwater can be expected to develop in sedimentary basins with high heat flows or around magmatic intrusions and salt diapirs. Free thermohaline convection may be induced near evaporites. The possible role of osmosis and associated flow of groundwater in sedimentary basins is disputed. 

What are the physical mechanisms responsible for the variability of the vertical thermohaline structure in the deep western basin As hypothesized in [1, 18], there are two major concurrent mechanisms, which can be referred to as the convective and advective mechanisms. The former is related to the evaporation from the... 

Are multiple ec[uilibria just a matter of the atmosphere-vegetation system, or do they occur also in the atmosphere-ocean—vegetation system So far, we have not yet found multiple solutions in the model of GanopoLski et al. (1998). (The model attains multiple solutions associated with multiple states of the thermohaline convection.) I blame this deficit on the coarse resolution of this model, because north Africa is represented by just three grid boxes, Sahara, Sudan, and tropical north Africa. Subsequently,... 

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