Titanium ASTM methods

Titanium is a very important metal, with uses in many industries. Titanium is a space-age metal used widely in aerospace applications, requiring high strength-to-wei t ratios at elevated temperatures above 300 °C. Adhesive-bonded helicopter rotor blades consisting of titanium skins in the form of sandwich panels have been in use since the 1950s. This section provides a somewhat chronological description of the surface treatment methods. The methods published by ASTM method D2651-01 are presented in Section 6.16.7. 

ASTM E-120, Standard Test Methods for the Chemical Mnalysis of Titanium andTitanium Mlloys, American Society foi Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1994. 

Emission spectroscopy is used for lower concentrations and trace levels. Methods, as outlined in ASTM procedures (87), include zirconium in aluminum and aluminum alloys, ceramics, sand, magnesium alloys, and titanium. 

The wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy method (ASTM D6376) provides a rapid means of measuring metallic elements in coke and provides a guide for determining conformance to material specifications. A benefit of this method is that the sulfur content can also be used to evaluate potential formation of sulfur oxides, a source of atmospheric pollution. This test method specifically determines sodium, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, and nickel. 

Major and minor elements in coal, having concentrations easily detectable by most modem analytical techniques, can be determined by a number of acceptable procedures. Various approaches, combining a. number of specific procedures, are frequently referenced in the literature. For example, the presently accepted procedure (ASTM D-2795) determines silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, and phosphorus colorimetrically, calcium and magnesium chelatometrically, and sodium and potassium by flame photometry. This standard test method was withdrawn in 2001 but is still used in some laboratories. 

There are also test methods (ASTM, 2011k,w) for the analysis of coal (and coke) ash which cover the determination of nine major constituents of ash silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, titanium dioxide, phosphorous pentoxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, and potassium oxide (ASTM, 2011k) by a combination of spectrophotometric techniques, chelatometric techniques, and flame photometry. Determination of these same constituents, including manganese dioxide, can be achieved by atomic absorption (ASTM, 2011w). 

T-peel specimens were bonded by a similar method to the one described previously using 0.25 mm grit-blasted titanium sheets. Tests were conducted according to ASTM D-1876 at a crosshead speed of 25.4 cm/min. Results from room temperature and 232 C testing of unaged and aged specimens are shown in Table 2. All four of the elastomer-modified... 

Immersion testing wiU generate weight loss data, or corrosion current measurements can be obtained from stan-deird electrochemical polarization tests (see ASTM G 5, Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements see also Ref 27). Corrosion rates in millimeters per year (mpy) for titanium alloys can be calculated from sample weight loss data as follows ... 

Yau, T. L., Methods to Treat Pyrophoric Film on Zirconium," Industrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium (3rd Conference), ASTM STP 830, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1984, pp. 124-129. 

Electroplating generally refers to the method of bath electrodeposition, where the part to be plated is made an electrode (the cathode) in an electrochemical cell. ASTM B 481 describes three separate processes for surface preparation and electroplating of titanium and titanium alloys (ASTM B 481, Standard Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium Alloys, The American Society for Ibsting... 

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