Aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid/ASA

Salicylic acid is a simple organic acid with a pKa of 3.0. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid ASA) has a pKa of 3.5 (see Table 1-3). The salicylates are rapidly absorbed from the stomach and upper small intestine yielding a peak plasma salicylate level within 1-2 hours. Aspirin is absorbed as such and is rapidly hydrolyzed (serum half-life 15 minutes) to acetic acid and salicylate by esterases in tissue and blood (Figure 36-3). Salicylate is nonlinearly bound to albumin. Alkalinization of the urine increases the rate of excretion of free salicylate and its water-soluble conjugates. 

Some medications such as salicylates are anti-inflammatory medications that fall within all three categories. The most commonly used salicylate is aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). Others fall into one or two categories such as propionic acid, which is an analgesic, antipyretic. The most common of these is ibuprofen. 

Salicylates are anti-inflammatory medications that fall within all three categories. The most commonly used salicylate is aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). 

ACS Acute coronary syndromes ASA Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)... 

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), can be synthesized when the carboxyl group in acetic acid (----COOH) reacts with the (--------OH group in the salicylic acid molecule ... 

ARF acute renal failure ASA 1-5 American Society of Anesthesiology 1-5 scoring system for anesthesia risk ASA aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) ASAP as soon as possible AUB abnormal uterine/vaginal bleeding... 

Most of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are carboxylic acids. Aspirin (8.69) (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) has been used since the turn of the last century to reduce pain and fever, but the parent compound, salicylic acid, has been known and used since antiquity, owing to its common occurrence as a glycoside in willow bark. Acetylation merely decreases its irritating effect. Among the numerous other salicylates known and used, flufenisal (8.70) has a longer duration of activity and fewer side effects than aspirin. Mefenamic acid (8.71) and flufenamic acid (8.72) are derivatives of anthranilic acid, while ibuprofen (8.73) and naproxen (8.74) are derivatives of phenylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, respectively. 

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was first produced commercially under the brand name Aspirin by Frederick Bayer and Company in 1897. The word "aspirin" comes from "a," for acetyl, and "spir," for spirea. Spirea is a genus of plants that is another natural source of salicylic acid. 

Acetylation of the product with acetic anhydride or ketene nearly quantitatively converts this to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, or aspirin), one of the most widely sold, nonprescription analgesics. 

Since her admission to the hospital for an acute myocardial infarction, Ann ] Jeina has been taking the bile salt sequestrant cholestyramine and the HMG-CoA rednctase inhibitor pravastatin to lower her blood cholesterol levels (see Chapter 34). She also takes 160 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA aspirin) each day. At her most recent visit to her cardiologist, she asked whether she shonld... 

For many years, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was thought not to fluoresce and was commonly determined by hydrolysis to salicylic acid, followed by fluorometric determination of the salicylic acid. A tedious separation of the salicylic acid from the acetyl derivative was therefore necessary for the determination of both in aspirin tablets. Recently, it was found that ASA does indeed fluoresce in a solvent of 1 % acetic acid in chloroform [14]. ASA is excited at 280 nm and emits at 335 nm. 

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) Aspirin Celecoxib Celebrex Diclofenac sodium Voltaren Diflunisal Dolobid Etodolac Iodine Fenoprofen calcium Nalfon... 

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin ) is a common analgetic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic drug. Because of its acidity (pA a = 3.49) it can also cause some irritations which can prompt side reaction such as heartburn and vomiting when orally administered. Moreover, when regularly taken, it may lead to mucosal irritation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, and also may lead to gastric... 

Since their discovery during the 1860s, electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions played the dominant role for functionalizations of arenes, and were often the method of choice for the synthesis of substituted arenes. For example, Hermann Kolbe, a student of Friedrich Wohler, devised a synthesis for salicylic acid (7) [13, 14], which set the stage for the industrial preparation of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) (1) by Arthur Eichengriin and Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in 1897 (Scheme 1.2). 

Salicylates are derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid). They were discovered in 1838, following the extraction of salicylic acid from willow bark. Salicylic acid was used medicinally as the sodium salt but replaced therapeutically in the late 1800s by the acetylated derivative, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), or aspirin (Figure 13.2). Therapeutie utility is enhanced by esterification of the phenolic (hydroxyl) group as in aspirin, and by substitution of a hydrophobic/lipophilic group at C-5 as in diflimisal. 

Prostanoid mediators derived from arachidonic acid and sites of drug action. ASA, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) LT, leukotriene NSAID, nonsteroidal... 

Synergistic effects of Clopidogrel and aspirin in thrombus formation. Abbreviation ASA, acetylsalicylic acid. 

ASA CH3COOC6H4COOH o-acetoxy benzoic acid (acetylsalicylic acid) white crystals with a slightly bitter taste excessive use may cause hearing loss or Reye s syndrome, especially in young people used in Aspirin and related medicines for pain, fever, and inflammation... 

Scheme 1.2 Industrial synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid (1) (ASA, aspirin, 1897)...

Aspirin, ASA, acetylsalicylic acid, generic aspirin, Empirin... 

Information given mass of aspirin (1.000 g) mass percent of ASA in aspirin (75.2%) formula for acetylsalicylic acid (C9H8O4)... 

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