Wohler. Friedrich

In 1911 Willstatter had returned to Germany where his work was interrupted by World War I. His friend Fritz Haber (1868-1934) convinced him to help design an effective gas mask for German troops. In 1916 he succeeded his mentor Adolf von Baeyer as chemistry professor at the University of Munich, where he became interested in enzymes, a class of biological catalysts. Although he succeeded in obtaining pure enzyme samples, he tried to prove, incorrectly, that enzymes were not proteins. 

In 1925 prejudice again interfered with Willstatter s career. When his university rejected a qualified Jewish scientist for a professorship, Willstatter resigned in protest. Willstatter was offered many industrial and university positions outside of Germany, but he preferred to live in Germany. He was forced into hiding when the Nazis targeted him for arrest. He was caught when he tried to escape to Switzerland, but was turned over to the Swiss authorities. Willstatter died in Switzerland in 1942. 

German chemist Friedrich Wohler, who isolated the element aluminum. 

Returning to Germany in 1825 Wohler held positions in technical schools in Berlin and Kassel. In 1832 he was offered the professorship of chemistry of the medical faculty at the University of Gottingen, where he stayed until his death (on September 23, 1882). Wohler is best known for his synthesis of urea and the isolation of aluminum. He is also known 

Wohler s synthesis of urea was the result of experiments begun in 1823, in which he investigated the salts of cyanic acid, known as cyanates. In 1824 Wohler showed that the empirical formula of silver cyanate was AgNCO. Justus von Liebig, who had studied the compound silver fulminate, had come up with the same formula for an entirely different compound. (These two compounds were structural isomers.) Isomerism was a novel idea at that time, as it was believed that each compound had a unique formula No two compounds could have the same formula. (Berzelius had first described the phenomenon of isomerism in 1831.) 

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Water lipid partition, 3, 21 Wittig condensation, 148, 339 Wohler, Friedrich, 5... 

WOHLER, FRIEDRICH (1800-1882). A native of Germany, Wohler working along with Jons Jakob Berzelius, placed the qualitative analysis of minerals on a firm foundation. In the early 19lh century, chemists still thought it impossible to synthesize organic compounds. 

Regioselectivity in the formation of regioisomers is also observed in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. In the case of monosubstituted benzene derivatives, there are three possible regiosomeric products that form at different rates, based on the mechanism of the reaction (see Figure 13). see also Berzelius, Jons Jakob Chirality Dalton, John Davy, Humphry Molecular Structure Scheele, Carl Wohler, Friedrich. 

Because of their metallic properties and low mass, Be and Mg are used to form lightweight alloys for structural purposes. Ca sees less industrial use, although the phosphate is sometimes utifized in fertilizers. Sr and Ba have no significant industrial applications. Both Be and Ra are used in various devices, the former because it is quite transparent to x-rays and the latter because it is a ready source of both a- and y-radiation. Mg and Ca are essential to all living systems for many reasons the other alkali earths have no known biological roles, see also Beryllium Cesium Curie, Marie Sklodowska Davy, Humphry Francium Magnesium Potassium Rubidium Wohler, Friedrich. 

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