Asphaltites

Asphalt [8052-42-4] is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1) as a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens that occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. Bitumen is a generic term defined by ASTM as a class of black or dark-colored (soHd, semisoHd, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites are typical. 

A number of types of bituminous material exist and terminology is still somewhat confusing. The term bitumens in its widest sense includes liquid and solid hydrocarbons but its popular meaning is restricted to the solid and semisolid materials. The bitumens occur widely in nature and may be considered to be derived from petroleum either by evaporation of the lighter fraction under atmospheric conditions or by a deeper seated metamorphism. The purer native bitumens are generally known as asphaltites and include Gilsonite, extensively used for moulding, which occurs in Utah. 

Solid Hydrocarbons. Gilsonite (an asphaltite) and coal are used as very-low-specific-gravity solids additives. These additives do not require a great deal of water to be added to the slurry when they are used. 

Woodmeal or powdered peat, or powdered cottonseed cake or asphaltite 8 7... 

III. In sulphide ores in which the mineral is associated with hydrocarbons. This class includes the patronite deposits of Peru and various vanadium-bearing asphaltites. It is probable that these asphaltites are the residuary seepage of petroleum deposits, and that they have been formed by the action of (a) hydrocarbons and (6) sulphur or hydrogen sulphide on a fairly porous rock which has been impregnated with a vanadium compound. 

ASPHALT (or Asphaltuim). [CAS 8052-42-4]. A semisolid mixture of several hydrocarbons, probably formed because of the evaporation of the lighter and more volatile constituents, It is amorphous, of low specific gravity, 1-2, with a black or brownish-black color and pitchy luster. Notable localities for asphaltum are the Island of Trinidad and the Dead Sea region, where Lake Asphaltites were long known to the ancients. See also Coal Tar and Derivatives and Petroleum. 

BITUMEN. Natural flammable substances of a wide range of color, hardness, and volatility, constituted mainly of a mixture of hydrocarbons and essentially free from oxygenated bodies. Petroleums, asphalts, natural mineral waxes, and asphaltites arc considered bitumens. See also Tar Sands. 

The heavy, viscous petroleum substances impregnating the tar sands are called asphaltic oils. Other names used to describe these oils include maltha, brea, and chapapote. Asphaltic petroleums are most commonly confused with, but are not related to asphaltites (gilsonite, glance pitch, and grahamite) the asphaltic pyrobitumens (elaterite, wurtzilite, albertite, and impsonite) the native mineral wax (ozokerite) and the pyrogenous distillates of bituminous substances (tar and pitch). 

Asphaltite a variety of naturally occurring, dark brown to black, solid, nonvolatile bituminous material that is differentiated from bitumen primarily by a high content of material insoluble in n-pentane (asphaltene) or other liquid hydrocarbons. 

Asphaltoid a group of brown to black, solid bituminous materials of which the members are differentiated from asphaltites by their infusibility and low solubility in carbon disulfide. 

Ammonal No 2, ZhV, Skal nyi—AN, TNT RDX Ammonal VA-2—AN, TNT, Al Ca stearate or asphaltite with paraffin Ammonal VA-4—AN, TNT Al Ammonal VA-8—AN, TNT, Al Ca stearate or asphaltite with paraffin Note The amt of noxious gases formed on expln of Ammonal VA-8 and liberated by exploded rock masses was detd by A.N. Dubyrev et al and described in GomyiZh 1970, 145(5)... 

Here we present some results concerning the role that ion irradiation has in 1. modifying cluster assembled carbon thin films obtained by low energy cluster beam deposition (LECBD) and containing a cabynoid component and 2. producing carbynoid-like materials after irradiation of solid frozen benzene and of asphaltite, a natural bitumen. 

In this paragraph we report some results obtained after ion irradiation of asphaltite, a natural bitumen, and benzene frozen at low T (16 K). 

Asphaltite exhibits several vibrational absorption bands mostly due to aliphatic and aromatic functional groups. The spectral range investigated here is 3700-1900cm . In such a range, the most prominent bands are those due to the aliphatic and aromatic C-H stretchings. 

We have presented some results that indicate the synthesis of sp hybridized carbons by ion irradiation of different carbon based materials (asphaltite, organic residues from frozen benzene, cluster assembled carbon films). Most likely these synthesized materials contain carbynoid structures. 

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