Arcyria denudata

S. staurosporeus Anaya Actinomadura madurae A. melliaura Arcyria denudata Aspergillus flavus A. tubingensis Nocardia aerocoligenes Nocardiopsis dassonvillei Nocardiopsis sp. 

Fruit bodies of wild myxomycetes often have bright colors. In 1980 Steglich et al. isolated red and yellow pigments from methanol extracts of 2 g of the red fruit bodies of Arcyria denudata [7], Structure of these pigments were elucidated by spectral data as a series of bisindole maleimides, and they were named arcyriarubin B (1), C (2), arcyriaflavin B (3), C (4), and arcyrioxepin A (5). 1, 2, and 5 were red... 

Steglich et al. also studied the constituents of the fruit bodies of Lycogala epidendrum [17] and isolated not only lycogarubins A-C (31-33) but also lycogalic acid A (35) [18], staurosporinone (36) [19], and arcyriarubin A (6) and arcyriaflavin A (7) previously isolated from Arcyria denudata. 

Several other examples of indole pigments with bisindolylmaleimide structures have been isolated from the slime mold Arcyria denudata (Tri-chiales, Myxomycetes, Myxomycota). The chemistry and physical... 

Arcyria pigments (bisindolylmaleimides and in-dolo[2,3-a]carbazoles). The tiny fruit bodies of the slime molds Arcyria denudata, A. nutans, and related myxomycetes contain indole pigments of the bisindol-ylmaleinimide type. Parent compounds are the red ar-cyriarubins A, B, and C. Oxidative cyclization in the 2,2 -position furnishes the pale yellow and poorly soluble arcyriaflavins A, B, and C (table I). Indolocarba-zoles of this type are also known as active principles from streptomycetes ( rebeccamycin). 

The red spc rangia of the slime mould Arcyria denudata contain a number of unique indole pigments (156,157,623). By careful chromatography of the methanolic extract of this and related myxomycetes the pigments (500)-(513) have been isolated and characterised. Some physical properties of this new group of natural pigments, for which we propose the collective name bisindolylmaleimides, are given in Table 48. 

The arcyriarubins-B (502) and -C (503) are the main red pigments of Arcyria denudata. Arcyriarubin-A (501) is present in this organism in only minor amounts. Chromatography has shown that arcyriarubin-C (503) is also the major red pigment of Arcyria ferruginea. The structure of the arcyriarubin pigments was deduced from spectroscopic data, especially the and C-n.m.r. spectra which are summarised concisely in Table 49. 

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