As gelling agents

Microbial exopolysaccharides are widely used in industry as viscosifiers and as gelling agents. In this section we will consider, in general, the rheology of exopolysaccharides in solution and their ability to form gels. Specific properties of individual microbial exopolysaccharides and applications which exploit these characteristics are considered later in this chapter. 

Much attention has been paid to the pectin-calcium system because of its application in the food industry as gelling agent. A large body of the litterature on this subject is devoted to the gel formation as function of calcium concentration, pH and temperature [1-8]. There were also some reports on the... 

This treatment has the advantage of avoiding the acid extraction of the pectins it could be also used to obtain extruded products which could be used in various preparations traditionnally requiring high methoxyl pectins as gelling agents. The final products could be therefore enriched in dietary fibres and devoid of additives. 

The extruded fibres can also gel in these conditions and must be considered as ingredients and not additives. Gelled products enriched in dietary fibres can be obtained. The extruded fibres can be used in jams, or other preparations requiring HM pectins as gelling agents.. 

Large volumes of soap are used in industrial applications as gelling agents lor kerosene, paint driers, and as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. See also Soaps. Concern over water eutrophication resulted in a ban of phosphorus in laundry detergents. Phosphates have been effectively replaced by combinations of zeolite, citrate, and polymers, coupled with rebalanced synthetic active systems. Soap itself is generally present only as a minor component of surfactants. 

Some products obtained on condensation of hydrocarbons with carbohydrates are suitable as gelling agents for fiquids such as benzene, toluene, etc. The gels thus obtained are suitable as incendiary fuels for bombs) Y)R.E.Schaad,USP 2891852(1959)... 

Pectins are mainly used as gelling agents, but can also act as thickener, water binder and stabilizer. 

These experiments confirmed that both the surface functions of the polysaccharide framework and the cations used as gelling agents are accessible to polar molecules in the liquid phase. Moreover, the immersion in organic low surface-tension solvents does not affect the texture of the aerogels. 

Future research efforts should be directed to the problem of possible connections between these structural features of pectin and its properties as gelling agent and as dietary fibre. 

Superloid . [Kelco] Refined ammonium alginate gum used as gelling agent thickener, emulsifier, film-forming agent suspending agent and stabilizer in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial... 

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