Aquifers artificial recharge

Mercado, A. 1967. The spreading pattern of injected waters in a permeabihty stratified aquifer. Artificial Recharge of Aquifers and Management of Aquifers 72 23-36. 

Kaufman, M.I., Goolsby, O.A., and Faulkner, G.L., Injection of acidic industrial waste into a saline carbonate aquifer geochemical aspects, in Symposium on Underground Waste Management and Artificial Recharge, Braunstein, J., Ed., publication 110, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 1973, pp. 526-555. 

There are some other issues related to the selection of measures. For instance, concerning drought, one measure is the prioritisation of water use in case of severe drought. In Spain, where severe drought can be expected, possible measures are water reuse and artificial recharge of aquifers by injection of reclaimed wastewater. 

However, so far there is a lack of knowledge concerning the potential geochemical and ecological impact of the artificial recharge, in both unsaturated zone and the aquifer itself. Another measure can be the relocation of certain crops in higher altitude because of a temperature increase. 

Ziegler, A.C., Ross, H.C., Trombley, T.J. and Christensen, V.G. (2001) Effects of Artificial Recharge on Water Quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, South-Central Kansas, 1995-2000, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 096-01. 

Whitworth, T.M., 1995. Hydrogeochemical computer modeling of proposed artificial recharge of the upper Santa Fe Group aquifer, Albuquerque, New Mexico. New... 

To reverse this development, tertiary treated wastewater is artificially recharged in ponds to the Ezousas aquifer to increase the amount of available groundwater for irrigation. The groundwater is mixed with water from die river upstream of the dam at a ratio of 1 20 and used for irrigation both locally and in a neighbouring region. The dominant crop in both areas is citrus trees. Domestic water supply is based on water from the reservoir and not on water from the Ezousas aquifer. 

There are several advantages of storing water underground. Firstly, the cost of artificial recharge may be less than the cost of surface reservoirs, and water stored in the ground is not subjected to evapotranspiration. Secondly, the likelihood of pollution is reduced. Thirdly, an aquifer will sometimes act as a distribution system, recharge water moving from one area... 

Kuster M, Diaz-Cruz S, Rosell M et al (2010) Fate of selected pesticides, estrogens, progestagens and volatile organic compounds during artificial aquifer recharge using surface waters. Chemosphere 79 880-886... 

Additional U.S.E.P.A. requirements for all disposal sites include low hydraulic conductivities (10 cm/s), a minimum of 1.5 m between the base of the artificial liner and the water table, and a 150 m separation from any functioning public or private water supply. The rules also prohibit direct contact between the wastes and surface water, location on a wetland, on a floodplain, in a fault zone, or in the recharge zone of a single-source aquifer. 

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