Arteries nitric oxide production

Z.G. Jiang, X.R. Shi, H. Zhao, J.Q. Si, and A.L. Nuttall, Basal nitric oxide production contributes to membrane potential and vasotone regulation of guinea pig in vitro spiral modiolar artery. Hear. Res. 189, 92-100 (2004). 

Nitric oxide also produces vasodilation in vascular smooth muscle. As indicated earlier, hypertension may be perpetuated by a defect in the production of nitric oxide by the vascular endothelium. In follows that providing nitric oxide directly or administering precursors for nitric oxide production may help reduce vascular resistance and decrease arterial pressure in specific hypertensive syndromes.6 To date, inhaled nitric oxide has been used to treat acute pulmonary hypertension associated with respiratory distress syndrome in new-... 

Osteocytes also rapidly release nitric oxide in response to stress [160, 105] and this NO response seems to be required for the stress-related prostaglandin release [105]. Therefore, the behavior of osteocytes compares to that of endothelial cells which regulate the flow of blood through the vascular system, and also respond to fluid flow of 0.5 Pa with increased prostaglandin and nitric oxide production [79]. The response of endothelial cells to shear stress is likely related to their role in mediating an adaptive remodeling of the vasculature, so as to maintain constant endothelial fluid shear stress throughout the arterial site of the circulation [99],... 

Olson, S., Oeckler, R., Li, X., et al. 2004. Angiotensin II stimulates nitric oxide production in pulmonary artery endothelium via the type 2 receptor. Am J Physiol 287 L559-L568. 

In reading that chapter, you ll want to pay particular attention to the supplement Pycnogenol, derived from French maritime pine trees. Pycnogenol has been seen to increase nitric oxide production within the arteries. 

Inconsistent results from chronic inten/ention studies, possibly related to the faot that arterial measurements often made when circulating isoflavone levels are low isoflavones may have acute effects on nitric oxide production. Antioxidant action ... 

Li, Y, J. Zheng, 1. M. Bird, and R. R. Magness. 2003. Effects of prdsatUe shear stress on nitric oxide production and endothehal cell nitric oxide synthase expression by ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial cells. Biol Reprod 69(3) 1053-9. 

Increased intrahepatic resistance to portal flow increases pressure on the entire splanchnic bed an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) is a common finding in cirrhotic patient and can result in thrombocytopenia due to splenic sequestration of the platelets. Portal hypertension mediates systemic and splanchnic arterial vasodilation through production of nitric oxide and other vasodilators in an attempt to counteract the increased pressure gradient. Nitric oxide causes a fall in systemic arterial pressure unfortunately, this activates both the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems and... 

As previously discussed, increased portal pressure triggers the release of nitric oxide to directly vasodilate the splanchnic arterial bed and decrease portal pressure. Unfortunately, nitric oxide also dilates the systemic arterial system, causing a decrease in blood pressure and a decrease in renal perfusion by lowering the effective intravascular volume. The kidney reacts by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which increases plasma renin activity, aldosterone production, and sodium retention. This increase in intravascular volume furthers the imbalance of intravascular oncotic pressure, allowing even more fluid to escape to the extravascular spaces. 

The product was found to display weak vasodilating activity on isolated guinea pig pulmonary arteries, and possible involvement of nitric oxide in this action was suggested. 

The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis states that the oxidative modification of LDL (or other lipoproteins) is important and possibly obligatory in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion thus, it has been suggested that inhibiting the oxidation of LDL will decrease or prevent atherosclerosis and clinical sequelae. LDL oxidation also has important implications for vascular health function. High concentrations of LDL may inhibit arterial function in terms of the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium and many of these effects are mediated by lipid oxidation products. Furthermore, oxidized LDL inhibits endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated relaxations in isolated rabbit coronary arter-... 

The latest entrant in the neurotransmitter lineup is NO, nitric oxide, the first neurotransmitter discovered in the gas phase. For decades physicians and pharmacologists have been aware of the ability of nitrates to dilate blood vessels. Compounds like nitroglycerin are key tools in the control of angina pectoris, constriction of the coronary arteries. Yet no one knew exactly how the nitrates performed their feat until recently. The notariety of Viagra attests to the interest in products which affect NO systems. More about the synthesis and actions of NO will be described shortly. 

One of the products the body derives from metabolism of nitroglycerin is nitric oxide, which causes the coronary artery to dilate, thus relieving angina. 

Laitinen, M., Zachary, L, Breier, G., Pakkanen, T., Hakkinen, T., Luoma, J. et al. (1997b) Vegf gene transfer reduces intimal thickening via increased production of nitric oxide in carotid arteries. Hum. Gene Then, 8, 1737-1744. 

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