Artemia species

Occurrence of allochthonous Artemia species in the Bohai Bay area, PR China, as confirmed by RFLP analysis and laboratory culture tests. Fundamental and Applied Limnology 170(1) 21-28. 

Invertebrate species have been widely used in toxicity studies of pesticides [61]. Zooplankton play a key role in the food chain because they occupy a central position. Therefore, their responses to natural and anthropogenic stresses are intimately linked with other food predator organisms. The most widely accepted bioassays employ species such as Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, Artemia salina, or Thamnocephalus platyurus [62-64]. D. magna has been used for many years as a standard aquatic test species and formally endorsed by the major international organizations such as the EEC, OECD, and ASTM [65-67]. Its choice is mainly because it represents the zooplankton community and is a species of worldwide occurrence. In addition, it has a greater sensitivity to toxicants, particularly pesticides, compared with other aquatic species [61,68] (Table 1). 

Other fish species do not respond to predator odors. The threadfin shad, Doro-soma petenense, is strongly attracted to odors of its prey such as brine shrimp [Artemia) or Daphnia spp. but does not respond to those of its predator, the large-mouth bass, M. salmonides, or conspecifics. Both shad and bass swim faster than chemicals travel in water, which may explain this behavior difference (McMahon and Tash, 1979). 

Species Crassostrea spp Ostrea edulis Dreissena polymorpha Mytilus galloprovincialis, M. edulis Ischadium recurvum Corbicula fluminea Dosinia exoleta, Ruditapes philippinarum, Venerupis sp, Venus verrucosa Artemia franciscana... 

Browne RA, Wanigasekera G (2000) Combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival and reproduction of five species of Artemia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 244 29-44 46. Litvinenko LI, Kozlov AV, Kovalenko Al, Bauer DS (2007) Salinity of water as a factor to determine the development of the brine shrimp Anemia populations in Siberian lakes. Hydrobiologia 576 95-101... 

The toxicity of mononitrophenols is isomer dependent, but no general trend could be established for a variety of test systems and species. The ortho isomer (2-NP pKa = 6.8) is usually less toxic than the meta form (3-NP pKa = 8.3) [23,28,43,52,56,57] (Table 4.5), possibly due to its lower polarity, higher volatility, lower solubility [53], and higher pKa. The para isomer (4-NP) also tended to be more toxic than the ortho to a wide variety of organisms [23,28,43,57-59], although there were some exceptions, such as the microalgae S. quadricauda and M. aeruginosa [25,43], the bacterium P. putida [26], and the brine shrimp Artemia salina [60],... 

Smith, P.T. Toxic effects of blooms of marine species of OscUlatoriales on farmed prawns Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus) and brine shrimp Artemia salina). Toxicon, 34, 857, 1996. 

Nascimenlo, J.E., A.F.M. Melo, T.C. Lima E SUva, et al. 2008. Phytochemical screening and toxicological bioassay with brine shrimp larvae Artemia salina) of three medicinal species of the genus Phyllanthus (PhyUanthaceae). Rev. Cien. Farm. Basica Apl. 29(2) 143-148. 

Abstract This chapter provides an update on the most common zooplankton Uve feed species used in hatchery rearing of fish and shellfish larvae, namely rotifers, Artemia and copepods. Each section starts with a summary of the biology and ecology of these species. An overview of the most common techniques to culture, feed, harvest, disinfect and preserve these organisms is provided. Special attention is given to nutritional and microbiological aspects. Furthermore, new trends and developments are discussed. 

Since the 1980s, enormous efforts have been made to develop microdiets to replace live feed organisms, both rotifers and Artemia, as complete or partial replacements for marine fish larvae. However, although, there have been substantial achievements in reducing the reliance on live feeds (specifically the use of Artemia) and weaning the larvae earlier onto microdiets, microdiets still cannot completely replace live feeds for most species (Holt et oL, 2011 Langdon and Barrows, 2011). 

Although weaning the larvae from Artemia onto a microdiet can be achieved at metamorphosis in some species such as European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax), the early introduction of prepared diets as the sole... 

For dried Artemia cysts as a model system for desiccation tolerant species it has been found out by pulsed NMR measurements that the mobility of water protons unexpectedly increased below a certain residual water content The increased mobility was explained by the existence of intrinsic protective substances such as trehalose and glycerol in the cyst that replace water at the surface of biomolecules and therefore increase molecular mobility. 

SPP) Species Identification Artemia salina Brine shrimp ... 

Both sulfate derivatives are toxic to the larvae of the crustacean Artemia salina. Another original sulfated flxr-anoterpene is a derivative with 31 carbon atoms (a homo-triterpene) isolated from an undetermined species of genus Ircinia harvested at a depth of 450 m at the Ride of Norfolk, in the south of New Caledonia (Bifulco et al, 1995). This compound may be related to furospinosulin-3 (see Figure 19.112). 

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