Bismuth carbon—arsenic bonds

Metal-carbon multiple bonds, arsenic, antimony, bismuth,... 

We have essentially exhausted all of the directly measured enthalpies of formation of compounds containing carbon-arsenic, -antimony and -bismuth bonds. However, let us now make use of other thermochemical data and see what can be derived using some plausible estimates. And barring that, let us see what new enthalpies of formation would become available if only some new measurement were made. 

In the first section of this chapter some of the properties of the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are described. The following sections are devoted to some of their compounds with one another, especially the single-bonded normal-valence compounds. Compounds of nonmetals with oxygen are discussed in the following chapter. 

Many of the properties of the group 15 element diheteroferrocences are very similar to ferrocenes and other metallocenes. It seems justified to regard the diheteroferrocenes as perturbed ferrocenes just as we regard the group 15 heterobenzenes as perturbed benzenes. Thus, it is very clear that the elements phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth can take part in 7r-bonding in a manner similar to carbon. 

This chapter is concerned with the solid state structures of arsenic, antimony and bismuth compounds, which in general contain at least one bond between carbon and the Group 15 element. In selecting material for discussion, I have been greatly aided by the availability of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Base. The period under consideration covers effectively the years between 1981 and 1992. 

Among other reagents causing fission of tin-carbon bonds are hydrogen halides, mercury halides, bismuth halides, thallium chloride, arsenic halides, phosphorus halides, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, sulphur, sulphur dioxide, sulphuryl chloride and organic acidsis. 

Preparative aspects. Since bonds between carbon and arsenic, antimony and bismuth are stable to water they may be made in aqueous solution. Thus, alkyl arsonic adds RAs(OH)2 may be prepared by the Meyer reaction between sodium arsenite and alkyl halides ... 

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