Aromatic alcohol esters

The Code mentions 382 synthetic additives, comprizing 69 individual flavouring substances and the following 18 chemical groups ketones, lactones, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic alcohols, esters, ethers, isothiocyanates, indole and its derivatives, fatty acids, aliphatic aldehydes, aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic hydrogen carbide aldehydes, (translation error, probably hydrocarbons), thio alcohols, thio ethers, terpene hydrocarbons, phenols, phenolethers, furfural and its derivatives. 

Hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate is soluble in most alcohols, ester solvents, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is partially soluble in water (6). 

In general, the polymethacrylate esters of the lower alcohols are soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, and chlorohydrocarbons. They are insoluble, or only slightly soluble, in aUphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols. The polymethacrylate esters of the higher alcohols (>C ) are soluble in ahphatic hydrocarbons. Cost, toxicity, flammabiUty, volatihty, and chain-transfer activity are the primary considerations in the selection of a suitable solvent. 

Most organic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ketones, ethers, and carboxyUc acids are miscible with nitroparaffins, whereas alkanes and cycloalkanes have limited solubiUty. The lower nitroparaffins are excellent solvents for coating materials, waxes, resins, gums, and dyes. 

Chlorinated paraffins are relatively inert and exhibit excellent resistance to chemical attack and are hydrolytically stable. They are soluble in chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, and ethers but only moderately soluble in ahphatic hydrocarbons and virtually insoluble in water and lower alcohols. 

Ethyl acetate-ethanol Minimum-hoiling azeotrope Higher esters or alcohols, aromatics Process similar for other alcohol-ester systems... 

The chemical resistance of PCTFE is good but not as good as that of PTFE. Under certain circumstances substances such as chlorosulphonic acid, molten caustic alkalis and molten alkali metal will adversely affect the material. Alcohols, acids, phenols and aliphatic hydrocarbons have little effect but certain aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers may cause swelling at elevated temperatures. 

Poly(vinyl carbazole) is insoluble in alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, carbon tetrachloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons and castor oil. It is swollen or dissolved by such agents as aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and tetrahydrofuran. 

Solids. —It may Idc a hydrocM bon (c .g., paraffin wa, naphthalene) highei alcohol eg., cetyl alcohol) aldehyde e.g., z5-hydroxybenzaldehyde) ketone and qiiinonc e.g., benzo-phenone, camphor) acid (higher fatty, e.g., palmitic acid or aromatic acid) ester (of glycerol, phenols or aromatic alcohols) phenol e.g., thymol),... 

Benzyl alcohol, C Hj. CHjOH, is the lowest member of the normal series of aromatic alcohols containing the benzene nucleus. It exists to a certain extent in the free state, but more often in the form of esters, principally of acetic, benzoic, and cinnamic acids, in a number of essential oils, such as those of jasmin, tuberose, cassie fiowers, and ylang-ylang. 

KU-2 and SG-50 Simple vinyl esters of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols 31... 

In order to obtain anionic polyoxyethylene phosphate surfactants, either the terminal hydroxy group of a polyoxyethylated hydrophobic substance is reacted with a phosphorylating agent or a phosphate ester is oxalkylated. Most often aliphatic and aliphatic-aromatic alcohols are first treated with an alkylene oxide and afterward with one of the phosphorylating agents, such as P4OI0, POCl3, phosphoric acid, or polyphosphoric acid [39-48]. 

Aromatics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, lower alcohols, ketones, esters Alcohol, benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ether Alcohol, esters, ketones, dioxane... 

The solubility of most metals is much higher when they exist as organometallic complexes.4445 Naturally occurring chemicals that can partially complex with metal compounds and increase the solubility of the metal include aliphatic acids, aromatic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ethers, and phenols. Several complexation processes, including chelation and hydration, can occur in the deep-well environment. 

Vardanyan [65,66] discovered the phenomenon of CL in the reaction of peroxyl radicals with the aminyl radical. In the process of liquid-phase oxidation, CL results from the disproportionation reactions of primary and secondary peroxyl radicals, giving rise to trip-let-excited carbonyl compounds (see Chapter 2). The addition of an inhibitor reduces the concentration of peroxyl radicals and, hence, the rate of R02 disproportionation and the intensity of CL. As the inhibitor is consumed in the oxidized hydrocarbon the initial level of CL is recovered. On the other hand, the addition of primary and secondary aromatic amines to chlorobenzene containing some amounts of alcohols, esters, ethers, or water enhances the CL by 1.5 to 7 times [66]. This effect is probably due to the reaction of peroxyl radicals with the aminyl radical, since the addition of phenol to the reaction mixture under these conditions must extinguish CL. Indeed, the fast exchange reaction... 

The earliest enantioselective Reformatsky reaction was reported in 1973.52 Compound (-)-spartein was used as the chiral ligand, but the reaction gave rather low yield. Almost 20 years later, in 1991, Soai and Kawase53 reported an enantioselective Reformatsky reaction in which chiral amino alcohol 58 or 59 was used as the ligand. Aliphatic and aromatic //-hydroxy esters were obtained with moderate to good yields. 

The pigment exhibits good fastness to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons but it shows only limited resistance to alcohols, esters, and ketones. It is largely acid and alkali resistant. P.Y.168 is not fast to overpainting. It is used in inexpensive industrial finishes wherever the application requirements, especially as far as lightfastness and durability are concerned, are not high. 

P.Y.154, which was introduced in the mid-seventies, affords a somewhat greenish yellow shade of very high lightfastness and weatherfastness. Its shade is distinctly redder than that of P.Y.175 and noticeably redder than that of P.Y.151, both of which are also members of the benzimidazolone series. P.Y.154 is completely or at least almost completely resistant to the major organic solvents. The list includes alcohols, esters, such as butylacetate, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as mineral spirits or xylene, and dibutyl phthalate. 

P.R.242 affords a yellowish red shade, referred to as scarlet. It exhibits good to excellent resistance to organic solvents, such as alcohols, esters, ketones, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The pigment is more soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons. P.R.242, like other members of its class, is fast to alkali and acid. 

The organic phase indudes aliphatic as well as aromatic adds, alcohols, esters, ethers, sugars and extractives (Table 6.3). Approximately 70 wt.% of the oil has been identified. The molecular weight of the individual components ranges from 18 up to 2000 gram mol-1. In some cases, the oil is an emulsion at microscopic level [58]. 

Koeduka T, Fridman E, Gang DR et al (2006) Eugenol and isoeugenol, characteristic aromatic constituents of spices are biosynthesized via reduction of a coniferyl alcohol ester. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 10128-10133... 

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