Argon beam

Ion-Assisted Processes An alternative use of ion beams generated from low cost sources is to assist particular chemical reactions, or vapour deposition. An example here is in etching processes (Figure 16). The simultaneous use of an argon beam with XeFp gas compared with the use of either separately, to etch silicon produces an etch rate of a factor of at least fourteen. The use of ion beams can also increase the directionality (23) of the process (Figure 17). Examples are given in Table IV of how ion bombardment during film formation modifies the final film. 

Fig. 21. Time-of-flight distributions of CO2 exiting a continuously oxidized Kapton surface following exposure to pulses of five hyperthermal argon beams whose average translational energies aie shown. The distributions are normalized with respect to the respective incident beam intensity.

Therapy includes paracentesis -i- thoracocentesis + i.v. albumin solution, pleural drainage or pleurodesis with talc. Recently, pleurodesis using argon beam coagulation + minocycline hydrochloride has been recommended. In the case of refractory hepatic hydrothorax, TIPS or liver transplantation may be indicated. (53)... 

Kwon, A.H., Matsui, Y., Inui, H., Imamnra, A., Kamiyama, Y. Laparoscopic treatment using an argon beam coagulator for nonparasitic hver cysts. Amer. J. Surg. 2003 185 273—277... 

Thickness of the adsorptive protecting layer under study estimated versus time ( 25 min) of etching with argon beam ions (at 0.3nm/min velocity) until appearance of distinct Fe° reflexes in XPE spectra (Fe2p3/2 707.0 eV) and disappearance of Nls reflexes made up 7-8 nm. It has been experimentally verified that the method of XSA method is insensitive to the layers of this thickness. The sought thickness has been estimated by AFM from the crack thickness recorded in a profile section of the protective layer (Fig. 2.49a, which constituted 8-10 nm and matched up well with XPES data. 

For palliation of dysphagia in patients with advanced EAC, laser and argon beam are the first choice for friable intraluminal disease (with stent use in the majority of cases). Covered stents should be used to minimize ingrowth of tumor. Covered stents are also the treatment of choice for perforated cancers and malignant tracheo-esophageal cancer. Chemotherapy should only be used in the context of appropriate controlled clinical trials. 

Wavelength of argon beam = 1.79 x 10 " m. Diffraction angle is very small (4.75°) and diffraction is therefore unlikely to be observed. 

Fig. 4.15 Rotational temperature Trot of NO2 molecules in a pure NO2 beam (a) and in an argon beam seeded with 5 %...

In order to reach low values of T ot for molecules, it is advantageous to use noble gas atomic beams that are seeded with a few percent of the wanted molecules. The cold bath of the atoms acts as a heat sink for the transfer of rotational energy of the molecules to translational energy of the atoms. This effect is demonstrated by Fig. 4.15, which shows the rotational temperature Trot as a function of the pressure po in the reservoir for a pure NO2 beam and an argon beam seeded with 5 % NO2 molecules. 

Fig. 4.16 Section of the excitation spectrum of NO2 obtained under different experimental conditions (a) in a vapor cell at T = 300 K, p(N02) = 0.05 mbar (b) in a pure NO2 beam at rot = 30 K (c) in a supersonic argon beam seeded with 5 % NO2 at rot — 3 K, where (a-c) were excited with a dye laser with 0.05 nm bandwidth [413] (d) 0.01 nm section of (b) recorded with a single-mode dye laser (1 MHz bandwidth) [414]...

Fig. 7.2 a Probability of single and double vacancy at different argon beam energy levels, b Average number of single and double vacancies [38]... 

Fig. 7.3 a Probability of chemisorption on CNT wall, and probability of chemisorption on internal side of CNT wall or external side of CNT wall, b Probability of carbon and oxygen chemisorption, c Average number of carbon and oxygen atoms chemisorbed on CNT wall at different argon beam energy levels [38]... 

Bobadilla AD, Seminario JM (2014) Argon-beam-induced defects in a silica-supported single-walled carbon nanotube. J Phys Chem C 118 28299-28307... 

Coherent, California, USA). The light is made to pass through the sample compartment in spatial coincidence with the pump beam by the use a Melles Griot (California, USA) pellicle beam splitter. The uncoated, <5 X thick pellicle beam splitter transmits 92% of the excimer laser light and 8% of the argon laser intensity. The polarization state of the argon beam is established by interposing a polarizer between the mirror and the beam splitter. In order to obtain the true fluorescence recovery response of the probe... 

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