Arginine-rich motif

Transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 promoter by Tat is accompanied by the remodeling of nuc-1 (El Kharroubi et al, 1998 Jordan et al, 2003). Recently, it has been shown that, via its arginine-rich motif. Tat is able to interact with... 

Rudolph C, Plank C, Lausier J, et al. Oligomers of the arginine-rich motif of the HIV-1 TAT protein are capable of transferring plasmid DNA into cells. J Biol Chem 2003 278(13) 11411-11418. 

Lazinski, D., Grzadzielska, E. Das, A. (1989). Sequence-specific recognition of RNA hairpins by bacteriophage antiterminators requires a conserved arginine-rich motif. Cell 59, 207-18. 

Hope, T.J., Huang, X.J., McDonald, D. and Parslow, T.G. (1990) Steroid-receptor fusion of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev transactivator mapping cryptic functions of the arginine-rich motif. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 7787-7791. 

Zapp, M.L., Hope, T.J., Parslow, T.G. and Green, M.R. (1991) Oligomerization and RNA binding domainsofthe type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Rev protein a dual function for an arginine-rich binding motif. Proc. Natl. Acad. 

The CASR has been further implicated in neurological functions since an idiopathic epilepsy locus was mapped to the CASR locus and novel, rare missense CASR variants were identified in idiopathic generalized epilepsy [58, 59]. Mutations involved in the idiopathic epilepsy syndrome disrupt an arginine-rich retention motif in the proximal part of the CASR cytoplasmic tail promoting greater cell-surface expression and activity of the CASR than normal [59]. 

Stepanchick A, McKenna J, McGovern O et al (2010) Calcium-sensing receptor mutations implicated in pancreatitis and idiopathic epilepsy syndrome disrupt an arginine-rich retention motif. Cell Physiol Biochem 26 363-374... 

The RGG box, another RNA-binding motif found in hnRNP proteins, contains five Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) repeats with several interspersed aromatic amino acids. Although the structure of this motif has not yet been determined, its arginine-rich nature is similar to the RNA-binding domains of the HIV Tat protein. The 45-resldue KH motif is found in the hnRNP K protein and several other RNA-binding proteins commonly two or more copies of the KH motif are Interspersed with RGG repeats. The three-dimensional structure of representative KH domains is similar to that of the RRM domain but smaller, consisting of a three-stranded p sheet supported from one side by two a helices. RNA binds to the KH motif by interacting with a hydrophobic surface formed by the a helices and one... 

A common characteristic of CPPs is that they contain a minimal motif of less than 20 amino acids rich in basic residues. There are two subclasses of CPPs the first class consists of amphipathic helical peptides, where lysine is the predominant supplier of the positive charge, for example model amphipathic peptide (MAP) and transportan, whereas the second group, which includes TAT and penetratin, is rich in arginine residues (48-60,86). 

The arsenal of plant defense peptides contains members capable of binding carbohydrate residues, namely /31-4 linked A -acetyl glucosamine residues that form the biopolymer chitin. The actual mode of action remains unclear. Antifungal and antimicrobial activity has been shown in vitro. For example Ac-AMP2 is a small disulfide-rich chitin-binding peptide isolated from the seeds of Amaranthus caudatus with antimicrobial activity. It differs from Ac-AMP 1 by one additional arginine residue at the C-terminus. The structure was determined by NMR and contains a cystine knot motif. Ac-AMP2 displays a so-called hevein domain partly... 

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