Architectural unit

Disulfide bonds confer additional stability. A frequently encountered structural component is the sequence —Cys—Cys— with both residues forming disulfide bonds with other cystines. This is a useful architectural unit and forms the basis for linking three different chain segments in close proximity. This structure is found in serum albumin. 

Molecular Architecture. Unit 9 of The World of Chemistry. Videotape Series. University of Maryland at College Park. Gilbert Castellan, Nava Ben-Zvi, and Isidore Adler, project co-directors. The Annenberg/CPB Project, 1990. 

Module A module is a logical unit of a software system with a clearly defined purpose in a given context. It consists of an export interface defining which resources (data and/or operations) the module offers to the rest of the system, an import interface defining which resources from other modules the module may use to realize its export interface, and an implementation in some programming language. The internals of the module (the implementation or body) are encapsulated. Therefore, a module can be viewed as an abstraction the interface provides access to abstract resources the module abstracts from the realization of these resources. The term interface of a module, without further qualification, refers to the export interface. Furthermore, a module is the atomic architectural unit of reuse. Modules can be used in a context or system different from the one in which they were developed. 

Div. 2. It seems probable that in the crystalline phases only single soap molecules and not their aggregates constitute the architectural units. It is difficultto decide whether in the nematic and smectic soap systems the aggregates form the constitutional units or not. Because of this lack of experimental information only sols and coacervates remain in this division. 

The second major area for cast products is in such architectural units as simulated marble sink tops, wall plaques, and decorative sculpture. For these products the preferred materials are polyester and acrylic recipes which contain large amounts of mineral fiber such as marble dust, clay, and chalk. These parts are usually made by casting into closed molds using fairly low viscosity mixtures with room temperature curing catalysts. Large parts measuring up to 8 feet square with thicknesses ranging from 1 /16 to 1/2 inch thick can be made and... 

Recognition of the architectural unit for any particular species involves description of the various branch types produced. Through accumulation of multiple architectural units, plants are often not individuals, but colonies of repeated units. 

The architectural unit is interpreted as a synopsis, from juvenile to adult, and comprises the branch categories that are produced during that development. It is thus a summary of the branch potential of the plant. It can vary from a simple structure (e.g., a single monopodium without lateral branches) to more complex structures consisting of numerous axis types at different hierarchical levels. 

During development branches occur that have the potential to subsequently produce all the subsidiary axes that make up the architectural unit for that species. This process is reiteration. Bell... 

The term reiteration is used in two senses as a part of normal development, and as part of the response of the plant to damage or injury. The latter, partial or traumatic reiteration, is a response to damage to a component of the architectural unit (e.g., a secondary or tertiary branch). It is repaired by regrowth of only a single component. 

Reiteration can be monopodial or sympodial. Both types reproduce the developmental sequence from juvenile to mature. Monopodial reiteration involves the dedifferentiation of the apical mer-istem, which reverts to the production of juvenile tissne (e.g., repeating the heteroblastic series of axis development). The resnlt in this case is a continnous axis with the heteroblastic series repeated in tandem. In contrast, sympodial reiteration develops from dormant lateral buds to reproduce the architectural unit as a lateral branch. 

By producing determinate or indeterminate branches at the level of primary module sympodial branching is reiterative. It is full reiteration rather than partial reiteration. The new primary module produced in this way has the potential to produce all the subsidiary branches and structures of lower hierarchical levels characteristic of the species (i.e., the components of the architectural unit). Sympodial branching then produces new architectural units. Less commonly sympodial branching may also produce shoots at other hierarchical levels, but the most important level for moss structure is that of the primary module. 

However, lateral branching on a monopodium (monopodial branching in a broader sense) can also produce branches at the same level of hierarchy as the parent axis. For example new innovation shoots can be produced as lateral branches on a monopodium. These new primary modules develop new architectural units. 

Camptochaete arbuscula (Figure 15.3A) has an architectural unit made up of a primary module, consisting of a stolon, stipe and frond axis secondary modules, determinate lateral branches of the frond axis, the frond axis and the lateral branches together making up the frond tertiary modules, determinate lateral branches of the secondary modules perigonia and perichaetia (lateral on secondary fertile axes on the frond axis) and flagelliferous frond axis tips which become... 

An important variation of this pattern of sympodial dendroid-stipitate growth is the production of elongate creeping or pendant forms. In these forms the distinction between stolon, stipe and frond is not clear and the orderly production of new primary modules breaks down. The result is an unsettled morphology with a mix of stolon, stipe and frond characteristics. These are called reiteration complexes, emphasizing that it is occurring at the point of reiteration, the point of production of a new architectural unit (Tangney, 1998). 

In the truly pendant Weymouthia mollis (Figure 15.3B), the architectural unit consists of a primary module with somewhat distant determinate lateral branches. Reiteration is by distal lateral innovation. There is no stipe development, but there is leaf differentiation between the main axis (primary module) and the lateral branehes (seeondary modules). 

There are two types of branching in mosses sequential branching, which refers to branching within the architectural unit (i.e., that which makes up the architectural unit), and reiteration, which refers to branching that repeats the architectural unit. 

Partial reiteration occurs within the same hierarchical level, for example, a secondary or tertiary module, and repair of that component only. Sympodial growth of other structures within the architectural unit is not strictly reiterative. 

Jean-Baptiste Rondelet, Traite Theoretique et Practique dei Art de Batir, 1802. The taxonomy is based on a mixture of structural systems (arches, buttresses, etc.), building elements (capitals, bases, etc.) and architectural units (colonnades, doors, domes). 

As seen in Scheme 5.1, preparation of the IG polymer in this synthesis involved the ROP of cCL and subsequent chain-end modification. Conversion of the terminal hydroxyl group to two hydroxyl functions enabled further ROP to the 2G polymer. The IG polymer synthesized by this procedure was a 6-arm star-branched PcCL. The target dendrimer-like star-branched polymer was obtained as a 2G polymer by the second iteration and possessed a minimum architectural unit. One more repetition of the synthetic sequence involving the two reaction steps resulted in a 3G dendrimer-like star-branched PaCL. The 3G polymer possessed six branches at the core and two branches at the junctions in both the 2G- and 3G-based layers, composed of 42 arm segments (6 (IG) + 12 (2G) + 24 (3G) = 42). The observed M value was 96 000 g/mol, close to the theoretical value, and the molecular-weight distribution was not narrow, but an acceptable value of 1.14. 

More precisely, unit F, in addition to the functional, undertakes the deployment of a set of self-tests. The results of these self-tests are transmitted to a unit/ which decides on the state of functioning of the first unit. Depending on the final architecture, unit /can (a) ask for a reset, (b) cut off output, and (c) indicate if there is a malfunction. With regards to the proper functioning of unit / specific selftesting is done. These self-tests concern only necessary functions. 

Macha SM, Fitch A (1998) Clays as architectural units at modified-electrodes. Mdcrochim Acta 128 1-18... 

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