Aqueous glycolate

Fig. 2. Freezing points of aqueous glycol solutions. A, ethylene glycol B, diethylene glycol C, triethylene glycol and D, tetraethylene glycol. Ethylene glycols...

A 3-1. stainless steel, rocking autoclave (Note 1) is charged with 270 g. (4.1 moles) of 85% potassium hydroxide and 351 g. (3.00 moles) of indole (Note 2), and then 360 g. (3.3 moles) of 70% aqueous glycolic acid is added gradually (Note 3). The autoclave is closed and rocked at 250° for about 18 hours (Note 4). The reaction mixture is cooled to below 50°, 500 ml. of water is added, and the autoclave is rocked at 100° for 30 minutes to dissolve the potassium indole-3-acetate. The aqueous solution is cooled to 25° and removed from the autoclave, the autoclave is rinsed out well with water, and water is added until the total volume of solution is 3 1. The solution is extracted with 500 ml. of ether (Note 5). The aqueous phase is acidified at 20-30° with 121V hydrochloric acid and then is cooled to 10° (Note 6). The indole-3-acetic acid that precipitates is collected on a Buchner funnel, washed with copious amounts of cold water, and dried in air or a vacuum desiccator out of direct light (Note 7) weight 455-190 g. (87-93%) m.p. 163-165° (dec.). 

By reduction combined with hydrolysis, 5-nitro-2-heptanone was converted to 2,5-heptanedione on treatment with titanium trichloride in aqueous glycol monomethyl ether in 85% yield [90S]. 

Figure 8 (47) shows the effect of modifying temperature on the EDA of MRNi prepared from RNi pretreated with 1% aqueous glycolic acid at 100°C for 1 hr [RNiA (GA)j. Results obtained with MRNi without pretreatment also are shown in Fig. 8 for comparison. Only a small effect of modifying temperature on EDA was observed with MRNiA and the greater EDA was obtained with RNiA. Especially in the case of modification with... 

Clayton (Cll), 1958 Experimental studies of flow of films of water, aqueous glycol solutions, inside tube, 1.27 cm. diameter IVr. = 0.007-2100 zero or countercurrent air flow. Flooding conditions investigated velocity profiles obtained within wavy film by chronophotographic method. 

Feind (F2), 1960 Experimental studies of film flow (water, aqueous glycol solutions) with countercurrent air flow in vertical tubes (2.0-5.0 cm. diameter). Data on mean film thicknesses, local heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, wave heights, onset of flooding, gas/film interactions. 

Liquid-liquid solvent extraction processes using aqueous glycols and improved contacting means (1952)... 

C2H3O3- (aq.). The value for aqueous glycollate ion is obtained from those for the aqueous salts. 

CH2OHCOONH4 (aq.). de Forcrand3 measured the heat of neutralization of aqueous glycollic acid with aqueous ammonia. 

This behavior is analogous to that of aqueous glycolic acid. The carbon-carbon scission which occurs in oxygen is diminished under vacuum. - Similarly, dimerization is only observed in the absence of oxygen. 

N- )onor Ligands. The triplet-state X-band e.s.r. spectrum of the oxo-vanadium(iv)-chelate of tetrakis(aminomethyl)methane has been recorded for frozen aqueous-glycol solutions at 77 K. The spiro conformation of the methylene groups of this ligand ensure that the two metal centres in this dinuclear complex will have a non-parallel alignment of their -tensor axes. An analysis... 

In domestic hot water (DHW) systems the most popular model now is a close-coupled indirect system. The collector fluid is an aqueous glycol solution, with corrosion inhibitor added, which circulates through a heat exchanger jacket, surrounding the horizontal cylinder attached to the top of the collector. This system allows the use of ordinary steel sheet for the collector thus, it is much less expensive than copper or stainless steel collectors. 

Marcus Y (2003) Preferential Solvation in Mixed Solvents. 12. Aqueous glycols. J Mol Liquids 107 109-126... 

Table 7.106 Freezing Points of Various Aqueous Glycol Solutions, °C (32)...

Table 7.148 Specific Heats of Aqueous Glycol Solutions... 

Table 7.177 Bolling Point 760 mm Hg vs Composition of Aqueous Glycol Solutions 27)... 

LIquId/Vapor Equilibrium 760 mm of Aqueous Glycol Ether Solutions... 

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