Viscosity of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Tabie 7.144 Viscosities of Aqueous Dipropyisne Giycoi Soiutions (23) 

Note Flash points are determined by the ASTM Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Method and fire points by the ASTM Cleveland Open Cup Method. 

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Table 7.139 Viscosities of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Solutions (23)... 

Figure 5.3A Viscosities of aqueous ethylene glycol solutions. (Courtesy of John M. Campbell.)...

Table 7.69 Absolute Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene Glycol, levo-2,3-Butanedlol, meso-dextro-...

Fig. 3.15. Aging effects in polymer solutions. Quotient of the time dependent viscosity of a polymer solution, and the viscosity of a freshly prepared solution, tiq, as a function of the time f. The viscosity can Increase with time as shown for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), or decrease as shown for poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) in aqueous solution. Changing the solvent to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG) can prevent the aging. Data from [30]...

Figure 2.3 Effect of viscosity on rate constant in solution (3). Experimental plots of observed against r or rj/r for (a) binding of CO to the haem group in ferrous microperoxidases (MP) in aqueous ethylene glycol (b) binding of HCO to carbonic anhydrase in aqueous glycerol.

Kalaivani S, Srikanth CK, Regupathi I (2012) Densities and viscosities of binary and ternary mixtures and aqueous two-phase system of ply(ethylene glycol) 2000 + diammonium hydrogen citrate + water at different temperatures. J Chem Eng Data 57 2528-2534 Kumar H, Kaur K, Kaur SP, Singla M (2013) Studies of volumetric and acoustic properties of trisodium citrate and tripotassium citrate in aqueous solutions ofN-acetyl glyeine at different temperatures. J Chem Thermodyn 59 173-181... 

Aqueous solutions can be stabilized against viscosity loss by addition of 5—10 wt % anhydrous isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, or propylene glycol. The manganous ion (Mn " ) also is an effective stabilizer at concentrations of 10 -10 wt% of the solution. 

The resultant yellow sodium cellulose xanthate is dispersed in an aqueous caustic soda solution, where some hydrolysis occurs. This process is referred to as ripening and the solution as viscose . When the hydrolysis has proceeded sufficiently the solution it transferred to a hopper from which it emerges through a small slit on to a roller immersed in a tank of 10-15% sulphuric acid and 10-20% sodium sulphate at 35-40°C. The viscose is coagulated and by completion of the hydrolysis the cellulose is regenerated. The foil is subsequently washed, bleached, plasticised with ethylene glycol or glycerol and then dried. 

Experiments are performed in a 0.395 m high and 23 mm internal diameter stainless steel reactor, packed with various particles (Table 1). a is measured via C02 fast absorption into 1.5 kmol/m3 DEA aqueous solutions of varying viscosity through addition of ethylene-glycol (ETG). k,a is measured via C02 slow absorption into 0.05 kmol/m3 DEA in ETG. All the experiments are carried out at 298 K. The gas mixture is obtained by mixing 5% vol. COz in pure N2. C02 conversion is determined by gas phase chromatography analysis. Physicochemical properties of the liquids tested are shown in Table 1. 

Table 7.2 shows the viscosity, mutual diffusion coefficient, and thermodynamic factor for aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 25°C the diffusivity decreases considerably with increasing molecular weight, while the viscosity increases. Table 7.2 shows the thermal diffusion ratios for liquids and gases at low density and pressure the thermal diffusion ratios are relatively larger in liquids. 

Table 7.2a. Viscosities, mutual diffusion coefficients, and thermodynamic factors for aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol and PEG at 25°Ca...

Walden s rule. However, this rule is obeyed in rare cases mainly in some mixed aqueous-organic solutions is an acceptable agreement found. On the other hand, in very viscous aqueous solutions of water-soluble polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), it was found that the actual mobility is independent of the viscosity. 

Ethylene and propylene glycols as aqueous solutions of different concentrations are suitable for lower temperature applications. Ethylene glycols can be used in principle down to -35 °C, but in practice is limited to the range 10° / -10 °C because of high viscosity. Propylene glycol has the advantage to be non-toxic. Other antifreeze fluids, as methanol and ethanol solutions arise safety and toxicity problems. 

MOH Mohsen-Nia, M., Modarress, H., and Rasa, H., Measurement and modeling of density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index for poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous solution at different temperatures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50,1662,2005. 

Table 7.4 Viscosities, Mutual Diffusion Coefficients, and Thermodynamic Factors for Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene Glycol and PEG at 25 °C (Chan et al., 2003)...

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