Aquatic plants water

Goulet, R.R., Lalonde, J.D., Munger, C., Dupuis, S., Dumont-Frenette, G., Premont, S., and Campbell, P.G.C., Phytoremediation of effluents from aluminum smelters A study of A1 retention in mesocosms containing aquatic plants, Water Research, 39, 2291-2300, 2005. 

Alvarado, S., Guedez, M., Lue-Meru, M.P., Nelson, G., Alvaro, A., Jesus, A.C., and Gyula, Z. 2008. Arsenic removal from waters by bioremediation with the aquatic plants water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor). Bioresource Technology, 99(17) 8436 0. 

Fogg G. E. (1973) Phosphorus in primary aquatic plants. Water... 

Eutrophication is the excessive growth of aquatic plants to levels that interfere with the desirable uses of the water body. Eutrophication is often associated with growth of algae and aquatic plants, water discoloration, odor discharge,... 

The toxicity of H to a variety of phytoplankton and aquatic plants (water milfoil, parrot s feather, and water crowfoot) was tested under static conditions at concentrations of 5 and 50 mg/L (Buswell et al. 1944). H had no effect other than a delay of phytoplankton succession by 2-3 d and an initial wilting followed by revival of the higher plants. 

In 1968, reports from Sweden, subsequently confirmed in other industrial countries, noted that shallow lakes with low concentrations of divalent cations were becoming more acidic with consequent decreases in aquatic plants and animals. In severely affected lakes and ponds, only acidophilic algae survived. Increased acidity and the runoff of solubilized aluminum and other metal ions from surrounding watersheds are now known to be primarily responsible for formation of these almost sterile bodies of water. 

Another contaminant of concern for the Delta is Se. Selenium occurs in high concentrations in the soils of the western San Joaquin Valley associated with salts that have accumulated in this region [10]. Selenium is recycled through agricultural retom flows to the river and transported to the Delta and San Francisco Bay. The Se is transformed into a more bioavailable form by microbial communities and aquatic plants. The Se is passed through the foodweb with particular concern for bottomfeeding migratory waterfowl and predatory fishes. The hydrodynamics of water from the San Joaquin River is an important consideration in the intensity and distribution of Se contamination within the Delta. 

Significant levels of herbicides have also been detected in rivers, although these are usually transitory. Heavy rainfall can move herbicides from agricultural land to nearby ditches and streams due to runoff, and in soils that are high in clay, percolation of water occurs through deep fissures with consequent movement into neighboring water courses. Such events under extreme weather conditions are likely to have contributed to the pulses of herbicide contamination observed in some rivers. Questions have been asked about possible effects of such episodic pollution on populations of aquatic plants. 

TLC has been used for the identification of heavy metals in aquatic plants. For this purpose, plants were mineralized with cone. H2SO4, HNO3, and HjOj, extracted with water, derivatized with dithizone, and chromatographed. The identified metals were zinc, copper, mercury, and lead [31]. 

Considerable interest has been expressed in the industrial use of stabilised hypothatous acids (water reacted with chlorine, bromine or iodine). This innovation imitates the stabilisation of oxidised bromide that occurs in natural systems.51 These occur as mechanisms of control on the surface of some aquatic plants in the mammalian immune defences.52 Certain marine algae produce hypobromous acid using bromoperoidases53 which is not only an effective mechanism but exhibits good specific toxicity. 

These data show that bromine works better than chlorine in high pH waters such as the ocean. Similarly, most industrial water is quite alkaline and therefore, a practical form of bromine is also preferred. The technical attributes of bromine antimicrobials are of value in water treatment and are apparently also worth the cost to many aquatic plants. Further observations of natural microbial fouling control systems reveal that animals also preferentially manufacture, in situ, certain bromine-based antimicrobials. 

All aqueous extracts are brown colored, and so is the Hillsborough River where samples of hydrilla are found. Examination of Table II, however, suggests that the location of the second peak in this water sample is significantly different from the other five samples. Presently, chromatograms of natural waters and the distribution of hydrilla are being obtained and compared with a view to being able to understand those factors that may limit the growth and spread of this noxious aquatic plant. 

We gratefully acknowledge the past support of our research by the Southwest Florida Water Management District, The Florida Department of Natural Resources (Bureau of Aquatic Plant Research and Control), and the Aquatic Plant Control Research Program at the U.S. Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. 

Occurance of OFAs In Other Aquatic Plants and Natural Waters... 

Liao, S.W. and Chang, N.L., Heavy metal phytoremediation by water hyacinth at constructed wetlands in Taiwan, Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 42, 60-68, 2004. 

Releases of hydrogen sulfide to water occur both naturally and as a result of human activity. Hydrogen sulfide released from aquatic plants, or as a result of anaerobic chemical processes in swamps and bogs, may dissolve in the water column or bind to clay or organic matter. 

The communities include in particular bacteria, lower aquatic plants (algae), higher aquatic plants, organisms fish feed on (e.g. water flea, amphipods etc.) and fish. They participate in the self purification of waters (reduction of residual pollution from effluent discharges like industrial drainage) and maintain the natural biological equilibrium. 

---