Applications, molecular electronics visible

The barcodes have been primarily used to assure brand and authenticity in pharmaceuticals, but applications could be forthcoming in tracing food batches. Combined with pathogen sensors, the barcodes that must be read by modified microscopes could trace sources of outbreak. There are antibacterial surfaces for the machines involved in food processing or production. With the conventional methods of detection it takes hours to days. With molecular electronic based methods, biosensors, e-nose, microarrays, nanobiosensors (based on microfluidic, nanomaterials, DNA, etc.) it takes seconds to minutes. A biosensor developed by an Agricultural Research Service scientist, Athens, uses fluorescent dye particles attached to bacteria antibodies. If Salmonella bacteria are present in the food being tested, the nanoculturing results with these two examples of instantaneous sensors, sized dye particles become visible. No need to send out to the lab and wait days for results. 

See also EPR, Methods Fluorescence Microscopy, Applications Fluorescent Molecular Probes Hole Burning Spectroscopy, Methods Laser Magnetic Resonance Laser Applications in Electronic Spectroscopy Laser Spectroscopy Theory Light Sources and Optics Luminescence Theory Near-IR Spectrometers Raman Optical Activity, Applications Symmetry in Spectroscopy, Effects of UV-Visible Absorption and Fluorescence Spectrometers Zeeman and Stark Methods in Spectroscopy, Applications. 

The UV-visible absorption and emission spectra and excited state lifetimes of polymers are sensitive to chemical structure, polymer conformation and molecular environment and thus information concerning these properties is accessible by electronic spectroscopy measurements (4-6). One example of the application of such measurements is given in Figure 3 which illustrates the possible energy dissipation pathways which can occur in a polymer containing aromatic side groups following absorption of radiation. 

The conformational structures of polysilane main chains at the macro-and microscopic levels are controllable by suitable choice of the side chain structures. Similarly, it is also the side chain which controls the optoelectronic properties by effecting the optical band gap. In the case of phenyl-substituted polysilanes, electronic interaction between the delocalized Si chain cr-bonding orbitals and the it-orbitals of the aryl groups causes a dramatic modification of both the band gap and conformational properties [61,83]. These aryl-containing polysilanes may be potential candidates for applications in a molecular-based chiroptical switch and memory in the UV/visible region. On the other hand, the precise control of helical polymers is now a subject of great interest and importance, due to the tech-... 

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