Applications, case studies

Countercurrent separator systems can be found in many diverse industries. One example is in the production of potato, com or wheat starch. Here, washing usually means removal of one sohd from another, i.e. gluten from starch. The gluten has to be sheared off the starch particles and hydrocyclones are ideally suited to this duty. The density of the sohds is low, however, (around 1500 kg/m ) and this combined with low particle size necessitates the use of small diameter (10 mm) cyclones in parallel arrangements. The number of stages used is often high (eight or nine, up to 24 in extreme cases). 

This extra thickening arrangement should not have been required if the washing train was set up properly. The problem was that the minimum liquid flow to carry the solids down the train was somewhere within the train and not 

An additional clarifier (or series) is required with wheat starch 

Removal of solubles from the feed solids is achieved using washing arrangements sometimes known as countercurrent decantation. This may be used 

Reference 15 gives a case study of a pilot test series to wash solubles off a solid product (silica gel), illustrating the problems in testing such a system and the complexity of countercurrent washing arrangements in general. Only a summary of the most important aspects is given below. 

---

Load sharing or selective load shedding is of interest to many users of hot gas expanders. A particularly successful European FCC application is illustrated in Figure 6-43. The addition of an expander-generator set to the FCC unit at a major refinery presented a challenge because a trip of the expander could upset the process. The company that is the subject of this application case study, GHH Borsig, solved this problem with the installation of a computerized control system and through computer simulation of trips. 

In this section we will introduce the problem statements adopted for this type of performance metric, briefly describe the learning methodology employed to address it [for a more complete presentation, see Saraiva and Stephanopoulos (1992a)], and show a specific application case study. 

This Section addresses cases with a continuous performance metric, y. We identify the corresponding problem statements and results, which are compared with conventional formulations and solutions. Then Taguchi loss functions are introduced as quality cost models that allow one to express a quality-related y on a continuous basis. Next we present the learning methodology used to solve the alternative problem statements and uncover a set of final solutions. The section ends with an application case study. 

At last, in Chapter 12 several application case studies are given that highlight implementation aspects as well as the relative improvements of the different techniques used. Emphasis is given to industrial applications and on-line exercises. 

An application case study of the production network optimization model is reported in Chapter 5. In this context the integration of the optimization model into a planning tool to support interactive explorations of the solution space is demonstrated and guidance on how to develop the data required for quantitative strategic network design analyses is provided. Additionally, important analyses that can be performed using the proposed optimization model are introduced and improvement potentials identified in the course of a pilot application in industry are explained. 

As discussed in Chapter 2.2.2 a broad range of criteria have to be considered if an in-depth assessment of individual sites is required. In practice matters are further complicated by the fact that the majority of sites host plants from multiple value chains. In this chapter a uniform decision support tool is developed to ensure consistent evaluations in all instances requiring site assessments. To this end Chapter 4.1 introduces the field of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Two different families of tools that could be applied to the decision problem at hand are discussed in greater detail in Chapters 4.2 and 4.3 respectively. As the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for multiple criteria decision problems has been proposed in literature, too, the method is introduced in Chapter 4.4. An evaluation model for specialty chemicals production sites developed in cooperation with the industrial partner is presented in Chapter 4.5 and insights from application case studies are reported. 

Lessons Learned from Application Case Studies... 

Applications / case studies reported with the pT-method... 

Applications / case study reported with the pT-scale... 

WK Yeh. Evolving enzyme technology for pharmaceutical applications case studies. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 19 334-343, 1997. 

In the following two subsections the preparation and some representative application case studies of permselective inorganic membranes will be addressed. 

Hansen, U. et al. (1996). Heat and power from small scale biomass plants in rural regions. A typical application case study in Mecklenburg Vorpomraem. Proceedings of the 9 European Bioenergy Conference, pp. 1318-1323,... 

Meredith, J.S., Alvarez, G., Maier, T.A., Schulthess, T.C., Vette, J.S. Accuracy and performance of graphics processors A quantum Monte Carlo application case study. Parallel Comput. 2009,35(3), 151-63. 

Membrane application case study water gas shift (WGS) reactor... 

Schubel P (2012), Cost modelling in polymer composite applications Case study -Analysis of existing and automated manufacturing processes for a large wind turbine blade . Composites B, 43, 953-960... 

The applicative case-study that supports the evaluation of the methodology and its associated tools is a system function called Compute traction orders . While being limited to one single system function, this case-study is representative of the system since it contains both critical and non-critical sub-functions and considers both realtime and operational constraints. The use-case will allow to structure and strengthen the development platform and framework of such systems, especially in the scope of multi-viewpoint system modelling (e.g. operational, functional, constructional, dysfunctional...). A simplified view of interoperability needs between system model, safety analysis and requirement management is represented in the following workflow ... 

Co-Injection Moulding Application Case Studies Preforms for blow moulding... 

---