Application to reactor

The two BCs of the TAP reactor model (1) the reactor inlet BC of the idealization of the pulse input to tiie delta function and (2) the assumption of an infinitely large pumping speed at the reactor outlet BC, are discussed. Gleaves et al. [1] first gave a TAP reactor model for extracting rate parameters, which was extended by Zou et al. [6] and Constales et al. [7]. The reactor equation used here is an equivalent form fi om Wang et al. [8] that is written to be also applicable to reactors with a variable cross-sectional area and diffusivity. The reactor model is based on Knudsen flow in a tube, and the reactor equation is the diffusion equation ... 

Holtz, R. E., 1971, On the Incipient Boiling of Sodium and Its Application to Reactor Systems, USAEC Rep. ANL-7884, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne, IL. (2)... 

M. Soroush. Nonhnear state-observer design with applications to reactors. Chem. Eng. Sci., 52(3) 387-404, 1987. 

Consider a fluid flowing steadily along a uniform pipe as depicted in Fig. 2.13 the fluid will be assumed to have a constant density so that the mean velocity u is constant. Let the fluid be carrying along the pipe a small amount of a tracer which has been injected at some point upstream as a pulse distributed uniformly over the cross-section the concentration C of the tracer is sufficiently small not to affect the density. Because the system is not in a steady state with respect to the tracer distribution, the concentration will vary with both z the position in the pipe and, at any fixed position, with time i.e. C is a function of both z and t but, at any given value of z and t, C is assumed to be uniform across that section of pipe. Consider a material balance on the tracer over an element of the pipe between z and (z + Sz), as shown in Fig. 2.13, in a time interval St. For convenience the pipe will be considered to have unit area of cross-section. The flux of tracer into and out of the element will be written in terms of the dispersion coefficient DL in accordance with equation 2.12. For completeness and for later application to reactors (see Section 2.3.7) the possibility of disappearance of the tracer by chemical reaction is also taken into account through a rate of reaction term 9L... 

Mason, G.W. Griffin, H.E. Demonstration of the potential for designing extractants with preselected extraction properties possible application to reactor fuel reprocessing, In Actinide Separations, J.D. Navratil and W.W. Schulz (Eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1980), pp. 89-99. 

In general, it may be concluded that the computational snapshot approach or other equivalent, state of the art CFD models can capture the key features of flow in stirred tank reactors and can be used to make either quantitative (for single-phase or pseudo-homogeneous applications) or semi-quantitative (for complex, multiphase applications) predictions. Possible applications to reactor engineering are discussed below. 

Demonstration of the Potential for Designing Extractants with Preselected Extraction Properties Possible Application to Reactor Fuel Reprocessing... 

The use of extractants of the same general type as tributyl phosphate, i.e., neutral extractants containing the P=0 coordinating group, but designed with specially selected extraction properties should have many advantages in the development of LLE systems which may be applicable to reactor fuel reprocessing. 

Saldivar, E. Dafniotis, P. Ray, W.H. Mathematical modeling of emulsion copolymerization reactors. I. Model formulation and application to reactors operating with micellar nucleation. J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, C38 (2), 207-325. 

In this chapter we shall develop the theory at a basic level for reactions in some two-phase systems, then discuss applications to reactor modeling and design some specific examples. 

As already mentioned, the form of the fundamental continuity equations is usually too complex to be conveniently solved for practical application to reactor design. If one or more terms are dropped from Eq. 7.2.a-6 and or integral averages over the spatial directions are considered, the continuity equation for each component reduces to that of an ideal, basic reactor type, as outlined in the introduction. In these cases, it is often easier to apply Eq. 7.1.a-l directly to a volume element of the reactor. This will be done in the next chapters, dealing with basic or specific reactor types. In the present chapter, however, it will be shown how the simplified equations can be obtained from the fundamental ones. 

Application to reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels general microstructure... 

These general objectives are applicable to reactors of any size but there are particular aspects of SMRs which help in meeting them. 

Evaluation of Several benchmark reactors has been made with ENDF/B Phase I and Phase n data. These calculations were made using the ESP code. ESP Is a Monte Carlo code designed for general reactor analysis, with an energy range of 10 eV to 15 MeV and capable of handling complicated reactor and reactor cell geometries. Input data to the code must be In the ENDF/B library tape format, and all Phase I and Phase n data applicable.to reactor calculations can be utilized. 

Number of pressure channels - the total number of pressure channels in the reactor. This characteristic is applicable to reactors where pressure channels are inside the reactor vessel to maintain the coolant under pressure and contain the nuclear fuel. Where applicable, a dimensionless number should be entered. 

Since our primary interest in this model is in the application to reactors, it is clear that A > 1- In this case... 

The last section of this chapter is devoted to a general review and discussion of this method. Although several of the more important ideas involved are considered in some detail, the method as developed by Feinberg and Galanin is not presented here in all its generality. The present treatment is intended primarily as an introduction. This section is concluded with an application to reactors with small number of fuel lumps, followed by a numerical example. 

The regulatory body needs to be consulted before decisions are made concerning the extended shutdown. The regulatory process for extended shutdown may differ from that applicable to reactor operation. 

Physicochemical data are needed for its application to reactor design ... 

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