Apparency, definition

This uranium business is a headache I have looked over Millikan s comments, and it is quite clear that he wrote them without realizing the present situation. The British have apparently definitely established the possibility of a chain reaction with 238 [.s/c], which entirely changes the complexion of the whole affair. Millikan bases his comments on the conviction that only 235 holds promise. This is natural, since he has not been brought in touch with recent developments which the British have told us about in great confidence. 

In the extreme case where rjrj =0 because both rj and i2 equal zero, the copolymer adds monomers with perfect alternation. This is apparent from the definition of r, which compares the addition of the same monomer to the other monomer for a particular radical. If both r s are zero, there is no tendency for a radical to add a monomer of the same kind as the growing end, whichever species is the terminal unit. When only one of the r s is zero, say rj, then alternation occurs whenever the radical ends with an Mj unit. There is thus a tendency toward alternation in this case, although it is less pronounced than in the case where both r s are zero. Accordingly, we find increasing tendency toward alternation as rj 0 and rj 0, or, more succinctly, as the product X1X2 0. 

Definition of the association (or avidity) constant for such multivalent antibody—antigen reactions must consider not only the heterogeneity of the antibodies and the antigen determinant site(s), but also an apparent additive effect of binding two antigen molecules to a single antibody. Such effects lead... 

The term electrochromism was apparently coined to describe absorption line shifts induced in dyes by strong electric fields (1). This definition of electrocbromism does not, however, fit within the modem sense of the word. Electrochromism is a reversible and visible change in transmittance and/or reflectance that is associated with an electrochemicaHy induced oxidation—reduction reaction. This optical change is effected by a small electric current at low d-c potential. The potential is usually on the order of 1 V, and the electrochromic material sometimes exhibits good open-circuit memory. Unlike the well-known electrolytic coloration in alkaU haUde crystals, the electrochromic optical density change is often appreciable at ordinary temperatures. 

Absolute risk estimates can be difficult to use when there is no apparent human experience against which to calibrate them. By definition, there never exists enough experience about catastrophic rare events (fortunately) with which to calibrate the thinking about their significance. If there were enough data, you would not have elected to do the QRA in the first place. So, now thatyou have a bottom line estimate... 

This entire book is about the emergence, nature and cultivation of a new discipline, materials science and engineering. To draw together the strings of this story, it helps to be clear about what a scientific discipline actually is that, in turn, becomes clearer if one looks at the emergence of some earlier disciplines which have had more time to reach a condition of maturity. Comparisons can help in definition we can narrow a vague concept by examining what apparently diverse examples have in common. 

Table 5.7 lists the nucleophilic constants for a number of species according to this definition. It is apparent from Table 5.7 that nucleophilicity toward methyl iodide does not correlate directly with basicity. Azide ion, phenoxide ion, and bromide are all equivalent in nucleophilicity but differ greatly in basicity. Conversely, azide ion and acetate ion are... 

This leads to a definition of apparent viscosity as the ratio of shear stress to apparent shear rate... 

Compare the transformed orthotropic compliances in Equation (2.88) with the anisotropic compliances in terms of engineering constants in Equation (2.91). Obviously an apparenf shear-extension coupling coefficient results when an orthotropic lamina is stressed in non-principal material coordinates. Redesignate the coordinates 1 and 2 in Equation (2.90) as X and y because, by definition, an anisotropic material has no principal material directions. Then, substitute the redesignated Sy from Equation (2.91) in Equation (2.88) along with the orthotropic compliances in Equation (2.62). Finally, the apparent engineering constants for an orthotropic iamina that is stressed in non-principal x-y coordinates are... 

The Ajj are the sum of the product of the individual laminae Qy and the laminae thjcknesses. Thus, the only ways to obtain a zero individual Ay are for all Qy to be zero or for some Qy to be negative and some positive so that their products with their respective thicknesses sum torero. From the expressions for Uie transformed larnina stiffnesses, Qy, in Equation (2.80), apparently Qii, Q- 2, Q22 66 positive-definite... 

The clever nature of this definition is not immediately apparent. However, if the pressure is constant, then we have... 

An absolutely scientific definition of the term essential cr volatile oils is hardly possible, but for all practical purposes they may be defined as odoriferous bodies of an oily nature obtained almost exclusively from vegetable sources, generally liquid (sometimes semi-solid or solid) at ordinary temperatures, and volatile without decomposition. This definition must be accepted within the ordinary limitations which are laid down by the common acceptation of the words, which will make themselves apparent in the sequel, and show that no more restricted definition is either advantageous or possible. Many essential oils, for example, are partially decomposed when distilled by themselves, and some even when steam distilled. 

On the other hand, corrosion has been defined as the undesirable deterioration of a metal or alloy, i.e. an interaction of the metal with its environment that adversely affects those properties of the metal that are to be preserved. This definition —which will be referred to as the deterioration definition —is also applicable to non-metallic materials such as glass, concrete, etc. and embodies the concept that corrosion is always deleterious. However, the restriction of the definition to undesirable chemical reactions of a metal results in anomalies which will become apparent from a consideration of the following examples. 

By definition, electrode II at which oxidation is the predominant reaction is the anode, whereas electrode I at which reduction is the predominant reaction is the cathode. It is apparent that the removal of electrons from Ag will result in the potential of its interface becoming more positive, whilst the concomitant supply of electrons to the interface of Ag, will make its potential become more negative than the equilibrium potential ... 

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