Apoptosis, activation-induced

Banda NK, Bernier J, Kurahara DK, Kurrle R, Haigwood N, Sekaly RP (1992) Crosslinking CD4 by human immunodeficiency virus gpl20 primes T cells for activation-induced apoptosis. 1 Exp Med 176(4) 1099-1106... 

Zhang, J., Cado, D., Chen, A., Kabra, N., and Winoto, A., 1998, Fas-mediated apoptosis and activation-induced T-ceU proliferation are defective in mice lacking FADD/Mortl. iVature 392 296-99. 

Programmed cell death plays an important role during lymphocyte development, by eliminating autoreactive cells, as well as in the effector phase of the immune response, when antigen induced cell death halt cell activation. Several groups have been studied the function of PTEN in the immune response. PTEN heterozygous (PTEN+/-) mutants develop a lethal polyclonal autoimmune disorder with features reminiscent of those observed in Fas-deficient mutants. Fas-mediated apoptosis was impaired in Pten+/-mice, and T lymphocytes from these mice show reduced activation-induced cell death and increased proliferation upon activation. PI3-K inhibitors restored Fas responsiveness in PTEN+/- cells. These results indicate that PTEN is an essential mediator of the Fas response and a repressor of autoimmunity, thus implicate the P13-Kinase/Akt pathway in Fas-mediated apoptosis (DiCristofano et al, 1999)... 

N, Mahboubi A, Echeverri F, et al Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)/Fas-hgand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybrido-mas. Nature 1995 373 441-444. 

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is one of the regulatory mechanisms for the removal of unwanted cells. Apoptosis is induced by the stimulation of several different cell surface receptors in association with caspase activation. Apoptosis of a cell is thus a complicated process and can be assayed by various methods. Among widely used methods, the TUNEL assay is described here. 

Accornero P, Radrizzani M, Care A, Mattia G, Chiodoni C, Kurrle R, Colombo MP (1998) HIV/gpl2 and PMA/ionomydn induced apoptosis but not activation induced cell death require PKC for Fas-L upregulation. FEBS Lett 436 467-465... 

Lemaire, C., Andreau, K., Souvarmavong, V. and Adam, A. (1998) Inhibition of caspase activity induces a switch from apoptosis to necrosis. FEBS Lett., 425, 266-270. 

Gao X, Xu X, Pang J, et al. 2006. NMDA receptor activation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Physiol Res 22 1-25. 

Taglialatela G, Robinson R, Perez-Polo JR (1997) Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activity induces nerve growth factor-resistant apoptosis in PC12 ceUs. J Neurosci Res 47 155-162... 

Takada, Y., Khuri, F.R., and Aggarwal, B.B. (2004). Protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor (SCH 66336) abolishes NF-kB activation induced by various carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli leading to suppression of NF-KB-regulated gene expression and up-regulation of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 279 26287-26299. 

Apoptosis is induced by a variety of stimuli, such as genotoxic compounds, tumor necrosis factor, Eas ligand, and various environmental stresses. Despite the diversity of apoptosis-inducing agents, numerous experiments indicate that signals leading to the activation of members of the intracellular cysteine protease family, for instance, the caspase, may play a pivotal role in the initiation and execution of apoptosis induced by various stimuli. ... 

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