API Grade

Note There are also other grades of casing available from various manufacturers. For example, Lone Star offers steel grades SS-95 for sour service, S-80 and S-95 for nominal service. Mannesmann offers a C-90 for sour service and SOO-95, 124, 140 for high-strength service. There is also available a tentative API grade V-150 = 150,000 psi, = 180,000 psi), which has... 

The most commonly used metals in drilling and well stimulation11-13 are low-alloy carbon steel (API Grades J-55, L-80, N-80 coiled tubing) quality tubing (grades QT-70, 80, 1000) chrome alloy steels (ASM Grade Cr-13, duplex steel). 

Figure 58. Particle size distribution of API grade barite and drilled solids in typical drilling fluids. The ranges of particle sizes of solids removed by various items of solids control equipment are shown. (Reproduced with permission from reference 163. Copyright 1986 Society of Petroleum Engineers.)...

Z. Feng, Friction Stir Welding of API Grade X-65 Steel Pipe, Aimual AWS Conference (Dallas, TX), American Welding Society, 2005... 

FIGURE 9.4 Effect of carbon dioxide on the corrosion of API grade X52 steel. (From C. de Waard and U. Lotz, Prediction of CO2 corrosion of carbon steel. Corrosion/93, paper 69. NACE, Houston, TX, 1993. With permission.)... 

Bentonite (Montmorillonite clay) USA (4100), Greece (1020), CIS (918), India (816), Turkey, and Italy 10,200,000 Foundry grade 55-60 Litter grade 40-65 API grade 140-150 Civil engng. grade 50-60... 

Table 6. API Specifications for Technical-Grade High Viscosity CMC ...

The Underwriters Standards overlap API, but include tanks that are too small for API Standards. Undei writers Standards are, however, not as detailed as API and therefore put more responsibility on the designer. They do not specify grades of steel other than requiring weldability. Designers should also place their own limits on the diameter (or thickness) of vertical tanks. They can obtain guidance from API. 

Tool Joint dimensions for drill pipe grades E, X, G and S (recommended by API) are given in Table 4-84. Selection of tool Joints should be discussed with the manufacturer. This is due to the fact that, up to the present time, there are no fully reliable formulas for calculating load capacity of tool Joints. It is recommended that a tool Joint be selected in such a manner that the torsional load capacity of the tool Joint and the drill pipe would be comparable. The decision can be based on data specified in Tables 4-85 through 4-88. 

Values for collapse resistance, internal yield pressure, pipe body, and joint strength for steel grades as in Table 4-141 are given in Table 4-150. Table 4-150 is directly taken from API Bulletin 5C2, 17th Edition, 1980. Formulas and procedures for calculating the values in Table 4-150 are given in Bulletin 5C3 [152] and are as follows ... 

Pipe Body Yield Strength (Section 2 of API 5C3). Pipe body yield strength is the axial load required to yield the pipe. It is taken as the product of the cross-sectional area and the specified minimum yield strength for the particular grade of pipe. Values for pipe body yield strength were calculated by means of the following formula ... 

Tubing is classified according to the outside diameter, the steel grade, unit weight (well thickness), length and type of joints. The API tubing list is given in Tables 4-161 and 4-162. 

The tubing steel grade data as given by API Specification 5A, 35tb Edition (March 1981), Specification 5AX, 12th Edition (March 1982) and Specification 5AC, 13th Edition (March 1982), are listed in Table 4-163. 

Manufacturers and other bodies have issued their own designations, which may be encountered occasionally. Most important is the US Military specification MIL-L-2105D (which replaced M1L-L-2105C) corresponding to API GL-5, and introduced approval for multi-grade gear oils. 

API RP 2610 ( Draft) Largest tank volume in diked areas, refers to NFPA 30 requirements. 1% for 15 m (50 ft.) or to base of dike, whichever is less. Average of 1.8 m (6 ft.) from interior grade. 

These were plotted and are compiled in API RP 520, Chart D-2 (page 55). The data plotted is for vessels constructed of ASTM A-5I5, Grade 70 steel, a steel typically employed for process vessels. If other materials are used an allowance for their stress characteristics under heat application needs to be made. Therefore a general determination of the need for protective measures, such as depressurization, can be made for a particular vessel by comparison to the D-2 chart and selected fire exposure temperatures. It should be noted that this is the best available fire test exposure data in the public domain. Improved methods and test data may be available in the future to refine the calculation methods. 

X grades of API 5L, and ASTM A 381 materials, may be used in accordance with Curve B if normalized or quenched and tempered. 

The pipe grades listed below, produced in accordance with CSA (Canadian Standards Association) Z245.1, shall be considered as equivalents to API 5L and treated as listed materials. 

Intermediate grades are available in API 5L. Furnace butt welds are prohibited. 

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