Antipsychotic chlorpromazine

Typical Antipsychotics. The high potency antipsychotic haloperidol (Haldol) and low potency antipsychotics chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and thioridazine (Mellaril) have also been used to treat ADHD. Although they provide a tranquilizing effect (they are in fact sometimes called major tranquilizers ) that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, antipsychotics remain markedly less effective than stimulants. Antipsychotics do not noticeably improve attention in patients with ADHD, and at this time the typical antipsychotics cannot be considered a reasonable monotherapy in uncomplicated ADHD. 

CypP450 3A3 /4 Antidepressants tricyclics, nefazodone, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, mirtazepine, venlafaxine Antipsychotics chlorpromazine, clozapine, pimozide, quetiapine, risperidone... 

Medications for mental illnesses were first introduced in the early 1950s with the antipsychotic chlorpromazine. Other medications have followed. 

Figure 1.15 The Butterfly Angle . Tricyclic drugs consist of anticonvulsants (carbamazepine), antidepressants (amitriptyline), and antipsychotics (chlorpromazine). Although aU three families consist of three interconnected ring systems, the orientation between the rings varies, imparting a different spectrum of bioactivity.

Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Clozapine 25-50mg 5 mg 25-50mg No data i 50 mg 5, lOmg 12.5mg 5, lOmg... 

OFFICIAL NAMES Major tranquilizers (neuroleptics/antipsychotics) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) chlorprothixene (Taractan) clozaril (Clozapine) fluphenazine (Permitil, Prolixin) haloperidol (Haldol) loxapine (Daxolin, Loxitane) mesoridazine (Serentil) molindone (Lidone,... 

P155) (114) arrhythmias. Induced by drugs including antiarrhythmics (quinidine), antipsychotics (chlorpromazine), psychotropics (tricylic antidepressants), macrolide antibiotics (clathromycin), HI antihistamines (terfenadine, astemizole) (113) deletions mutations create defective ion channel receptors (115)... 

The antipsychotic chlorpromazine is a prototype heptotoxicant for production of cholestasis. Pleiotropic effects of chlorpromazine on membrane permeability and associated ion gradients and microfilament-mediated canalicular contraction have been attributed to detergent effects. Valproic acid, an anticonvulsant, is associated with microvesicular steatosis. Inhibition of mitochondial fatty acid (S-oxidation is an important component of this toxic effect and is apparently related to carnitine availability as evidenced by the protection afforded by L-carnitine supplements. The hypolipidemic drugs clofibrate, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil are peroxisome prolif-erators in rodent liver, but not in humans. Isoniazid, an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, exhibits an approximately 1 % incidence of hepatotoxicity. Although toxicity is known to be metabolism-dependent and protein adduction has been well-... 

D2-receptor activation gives Gai-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase (decreasing cAMP) and these receptors are involved in schizophrenia and Parkinson s disease and in control of motor function, cardiovascular function and behaviour by the CNS. The well-known antipsychotics chlorpromazine and haloperidol are D2-R antagonists. A number of hallucinogenic indole alkaloids from ergot-infected grasses and cereals are D2-R agonists (Table 5.4). 

ANTIPSYCHOTICS-CHLORPROMAZINE, CLOZAPINE, HALOPERI-DOL, OLANZAPINE, PERPHENAZINE, RISPERIDONE, SERTINDOLE, THIORIDAZINE, ZUCLOPENTHIXOL H2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS -CIMETIDINE t plasma concentrations of these antipsychotics, with risk of associated adverse effects Cimetidine is an inhibitor of CYP3A4 (sertindole, haloperidol, risperidone), CYP2D6 (chlorpromazine, risperidone, zudopenthixol, thioridazine, perphenazine) and CYP1A2 (clozapine, olanzapine, sertindole, haloperidol) Avoid concomitant use. Choose an alternative acid suppression, e.g. H2 antagonist... 

ZOLPIDEM, ZOPICLONE ANTIPSYCHOTICS -CHLORPROMAZINE Risk of sedation Additive effect uncertain why this occurs more with chlorpromazine Warn patients of this effect... 

PORFIMER I. ACE INHIBITORS -enalapril 2. ANALGESICS -celecoxib, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen 3. ANTIARRHYTHMICS — amiodarone 4. ANTIBIOTICS -ciprofloxacin, dapsone, sulphonamides, tetracyclines 5. ANTICANCER AND IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS -fluorouracil (topical and oral) 6. ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS-glipizide 7. ANTIMALARIALS -hydroxychloroquine, quinine 8. ANTIPSYCHOTICS -chlorpromazine, fluphenazine 9. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS - diltiazem 10. DIURETICS -bumetanide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide II. PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID (TOPICAL) 12. RETINOIDS-acitretin, isotretinoin 13. SALICYLATES (TOPICAL) t risk of photosensitivity reactions Attributed to additive effects Avoid exposure of skin and eyes to direct sunlight for 30 days after porfimer therapy... 

Systemically taken drugs that can induce photosensitivity are many. Of the drug groups given below, those most commonly reported are antimitotics dacarbazine, vinblastine antimicrobials demeclocycline, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, sulphonamides antipsychotics chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine cardiac arrhythmic amiodarone diuretics frusemide (furosemide), chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide fibric acid derivatives, e.g. fenofibrate hypoglycaemic tolbutamide... 

Antipsychotics chlorpromazine (Thorazine) haloperidol (Haldol) thioridazine (Mellaril) droperidol (Inapsine) pimozide (Orap) risperidone (Risperdal) sertindole (Serdolect)... 

In the history of ethnopharmacology, a most significant event was the isolation and clinical application of the alkaloid reserpine from Rauwolfia spp, a plant that had been used for millennia in the Ayurvedic tradition to treat "madness". Although reserpine had clearly demonstrated antipsychotic efficacy, it was soon replaced by the first synthetic antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, which proved more effective, had fewer side-effects and was relatively inexpensive to manufacture [44]. Exhibit 4 provides overviews for representative studies on natural products with putative anti-psychotic effects. 

Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine, Chlorprothixene, Clozapine, Loxapine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Mesoridazine, Trifluoperazine, Thioridazine... 

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterised by hyperthermia, severe muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction and altered mental state. A study of 24 patients who had received a variety of antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, zotepine, paliperidone, bromperidol, supliride, risperidone, thioridazine, olanzapine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, levoproma-zine) demonstrated a temporal relationship of muscle rigidity and elevated creatine kinase to fever [46 ]. 

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