Antioxidative quality

Figure 19 Antioxidative qualities of wines (white rectangles) in comparison to watery extracts from solid grape constituents skins (gray rectangles) and pips (black rectangles) in equivalent concentrations of ascorbic acid (mmol/L, mmol/g).

Uric acid in very low concentrations, very strongly absorbs UV radiation and for this reason, has been used to protect various FD C colors against fading when they will be probably exposed to direct sunlight (112). Uric acid has been found to enhance the photostability of solutions of colchicine (70) and FD C Blue No. 2 (82,113). Sodium urate, the neutral salt of uric acid, has a photoprotective effect on solutions of metronidazole (68), doxorubicin hydrochloride (77), and physostigmine sulfate (108). In addition to its photon-absorbing property, uric acid has been reported to also possess antioxidant quality (114). 

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that have been implicated in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease. Hunt et al. generated superoxide radicals in both cell-free and human placental tissue to determine if St. John s wort has antioxidant qualities. They then tested St. John s wort samples that were standardized to either hypericin or hyperforin. In cell-free studies, both samples had a prooxidant effect at a 1 1 concentration. Both showed an inverse dose-related relationship in their antioxidant effect at concentrations from 1 2.5 to 1 20, with 1 20 having the greatest antioxidant effect in both groups. St. John s wort standardized to hypericin was superior in its antioxidant properties compared with hyperforin. Both were shown to be significant... 

Under these conditions, the lifespan of the hyaluronic acid is shortened and filler injections with sensitive polymers should be given some time after a peel. This technique also means an extra journey and more lost time for the patient. 1 have therefore also used Easy TCA at the same time as injections of collagen and different reticulated hyaluronic acids (Restylane , Juvederm , EstMlis , etc.) and have not seen any difference in the behavior of wrinkles, whether or not these injections are combined with Easy TCA . The filler injection is given first and Easy TCA (solution plus post-peel mask) is applied immediately afterwards. The antioxidant qualities of the postpeel mask seem to explain the fact that there is no interaction. 

Many plants produce natural compounds that shield against their own free radical generators. When we consume these plants, their antioxidant qualities protect us as well. Some of our best defenders are as near as our next meal—beta-carotene, lycopene, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C. 

CHOPRA M, MCLOONE u L, o neill m, WILLIAMS N and THURNHAM DI (1996) Fruit and vegetable supplementation - effect on ex vivo LDL oxidation in hiunans , in Kumpulainen, J T and Saonen, J T (eds), Natural Antioxidants and Food Quality in Atherosclerosis and Cancer Prevention, Cambridge, Royal Society of Chemistry, 150-55. 

Antioxidants are not important only to the health conscious food manufacturers also rely on these chemicals to maintain the shelf life of their products. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate and tert-butyl hydroquinone were widely used in food processing to control oxidation and maintain food quality. However, as these synthetic antioxidants are suspected to be carcinogenic they now have restricted use in food (Madahavi and Salunkhe, 1995). Therefore, natural antioxidant sources, especially of plant origin, are of great interest to the food industry. 

SRB contains high-quality protein, oil, dietary fiber, polysaccharides, fat-soluble phytochemicals (plant derived bioactive compounds) and other bran nutrients. Rice bran and germ are the richest natural sources of B complex vitamins as well as E vitamins, polyphenols, several antioxidants and minerals. It is now available in the commercial food ingredient market as a safe and effective functional food and dietary supplement. 

Good quality fat with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential to health. These fat concentrates are the fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants. 

Vinson, J.A. et al., Determination of quantity and quality of polyphenol antioxidants in foods and beverages, Meth. EnzymoL, 335, 103, 2001. 

Pszczola, D.E., Antioxidants from preserving food quality to quality of life, Food Technol, 55, 51, 2001. 

Applications Although Soxtec combines the best qualities of reflux and Soxhlet extractions up to now fairly little evidence has been reported concerning the efficacy of this system for polymer and rubber analysis. Nevertheless, it appears that oligomers and other reaction residues, softeners, antioxidants (e.g. BHT) and several other additives used to modify polymers are easily extracted from PVC, PP, PE, PS, rubber and many other polymeric materials. Also, some leading international plastic, rubber and packaging companies have made Soxtec an integral part of their quality control routines. Some application examples where Soxtec has proved successful are [148] ... 

The purpose of in-use stability studies is to establish the period for which a product intended to be used on more than one occasion may be used after reconstitution or dilution or the withdrawal of the first dose from the container without adversely affecting the integrity of the product and with the product retaining acceptable quality characteristics. This type of test can be applied to any multiple use product (e.g., sterile products in multiple-use containers, powders or granules including those used to produce oral solutions or suspensions) but is likely to be of particular importance in the case of products that are manufactured with an inert headspace gas, for products containing antioxidants to protect an active ingredient that is liable to oxidative decomposition, and for products that contain a volatile antimicrobial preservative. 

Wood J D and Enser M (1997), Factors influencing fatty acids in meat and the role of antioxidants in improving meat quality , Br J Nutr, 78, 49-60. 

Important intrinsic quality criteria currently determining the market potential of new apple cultivars are related to the sensory quality such as fruit firmness (crispness) and the sugar and acidity contents. On the other hand, the nutritional composition (e.g. the vitamin or antioxidant contents) is currently not used as a criterion in the choice of cultivars, neither in conventional nor in organic fruit production. The difference in the content of such components between fruit species is in most cases more relevant than between cultivars of the same species (e.g. vitamin C content of oranges versus apples). 

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