Antioxidants lignans

Katsuzaki, H., M. Kawasumi, S. Kawa-kishi, and T. Osawa. Structure of novel antioxidative lignan glucosides isolated from sesame seed. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1992 56(12) 2087-2088. Chen, E. C. F., S. S. K. Tai, C. C. Peng, and J. T. C. Tzen. Identification of three novel unique proteins in seed oil bodies of sesame. Plant Cell Physiol... 

Katsuzaki, H., Kawasumi, M., Kawakishi, S. and Osawa, T. (1992) Structures of novel antioxidative lignan glucosides isolated from sesame seed. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56, 2078—2088. 

Effect of microwave heating on other major antioxidants (lignans) of sesame seed, sesamin and sesamolin (predominant lignans) and sesamol (minor lignan) has been studied... 

Table 8. Changes of antioxidative lignans and total tocopherols in refined unroasted (RUSO) and roasted (RSO) sesame oils during heating at 180° C (adapted from Fukuda et al, 1994)...

HARPER, A, KERR, D J, GESCHER, A and CHIPMAN K J (1999) Antioxidant effects of isoflavonoids and lignans, and protection against DNA oxidation. Free Rad Res. 31149-60. 

Of the many types of phenolic compounds, not many have been shown to possess AChE inhibitory activity. The root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. Et Wils. contains the biphenolic lignans, honokiol (72) and magnolol (73). Both lignans increased ChAT activity and inhibited AChE activity in vitro, and increased hippocampal ACh release in vivo) These two compounds also appeared to have antioxidant antiinflammatory... 

Baderschneider, B. and Winterhalter, P., Isolation and characterization of novel benzoates, cinna-mates, flavonoids, and lignans from riesling wine and screening for antioxidant activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 2788, 2001. 

The morama bean is an excellent source of lignans (Holse et al., 2010). The content of secoisolariciresinol in morama beans (305-406 gg/100 g) is higher than that of soybean (13-273 gg/100 g) and peanut (333 pg/100 g) (Mazur et al., 1998). Likewise, the level of lariciresinol in morama beans (614-825 [tg/100 g) is higher than that of soybeans (287 gg/lOO g), while the level of pinoresinol in morama beans (21-23 gg/lOO g) is lower than the level in soybeans (446 gg/lOO g) (Penalvo et ah, 2004). These lignans can be converted by intestinal bacteria into enterolignans, which possess biological activities such as (anti) estrogenic and antioxidant action. Therefore, they may reduce the risk of certain types of cancers as well as cardiovascular diseases (Adlercreutz, 2007). 

Most of these compounds, e.g. quercetin, possess various degrees of antioxidant or free radical scavenging properties. A number of phenolic compounds have medicinal properties and have long been used as drugs. For example, etoposide and teniposide, two lignans, are anticancer drugs. 

N.A. Phenol, lignan, oleic acid, linoleic acid, protein, vitamins , E, folic acid.165166 An antioxidant, antitumor, antimitotic, antiviral, prevent breast cancer. Internally for premature hair loss and graying, strengthen bones and teeth. 

Flax seed contains lignans and hence is an antioxidant (see Chapter 8). 

Lignans are colorless, crystalline, solid substances widespread in the plant kingdom (mostly as metabolic intermediaries) and having antioxidant, insecticidal, and medicinal properties. Plants containing lignans with anticancer properties include the following ... 

The presence of the oxidized metabolites is unique and may provide additional reasons for the health benefits of lignans. Classical antioxidant mechanisms show that the addition of an ortho hydroxyl group to a monophenol enhances the antioxidant activity of the original monophenol. Thus, some of the mammalian lignan metabolites may actually have greater or different activity than the parent lignan. Kitts et al (1999) reported that enterolactone and enterodiol had greater antioxidant activity than the parent... 

Flaxseed was among the best food sources in the prevention of in vivo spontaneous chromosomal damage in mice (Trentin et al., 2004). The exact reason for the chromosomal damage prevention was not identified however, the mechanism may be related to the antioxidant function of flaxseed components. Lignans have antioxidant activity and thus may contribute to the anticancer activity of flaxseed (Kangas et al., 2002 Kitts et al., 1999 Prasad 1997a, Yuan et al., 1999). 

Kangas, L., Saarinen, N., and Mutanen, M. 2002. Antioxidant and antitumor effects of hydroxyma-tairesinol (HM-3000, HMR), a lignan isolated from the knots of spruce. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 11, S48-S57. 

Kitts, D.D., Yuan, Y.V., Wijewickreme, A.N., and Thompson, L.U. 1999. Antioxidant activity of the flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside and its mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol... 

Fukuda, Y., Nagata, M., Osawa, T. and Namiki, M. (1986a) Contribution of lignan analogs to antioxidative activity of refined unroasted sesame seed oil. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 63(8), 1027—1033. 

Simple lignans involving a Phe-C -C -Phe structure are illustrated by the antioxidant and Ca2+ channel blocker nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-(3, 4 -dihydroxyphenyl)), the bitter-tasting phyllanthin and the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor ar-hinokiresinol. Simple lignans of the C3—Phe—Phe—C3 kind are illustrated by the antibacterials honokiol and the protein kinase inhibitor magnolol. 

Yun BS, Lee IK, Ryoo D, Yoo ID (2001) Coumarins with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidative Coumarino-lignans from Hibiscus syriacus. J Nat Prod 64 1238... 

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