Antinematodal activity

S. antimycoticus Antinematodal activity Antineoplastic Antineoplastic activity Antineoplastic agent... 

Ivermectin has an extremely broad spectmm of antinematodal activity in a variety of domestic animals. Indeed, among the many nematodes against which it has been tested, none has been found that is not affected by ivermectin during at least one stage of the life cycle. In all but a few instances the dmg is highly active against both immature and mature worms (19). 

Mackeen, M.M., Ali, A.M., Abdullah, M.A., Nasir, R.M., Mat, N.B., Razak, A.R. and Kawazu, K. (1997) Antinematodal activity of some Malaysian plant extracts against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Pesticide Science 51,1 65-1 70. 

The antinematodal activity of pyrantel pamoate has also been established in cats (dose 20-30 mg/kg) and dogs (dose 15 mg/kg). The drug has been used to eliminate adult ascarids and hookworms [19], Recently Ridley and coworkers [27] have found that a dose of 20 mg (base)/kg of pyrantel caused 97-100% elimination of the ascarids (T. cati) and hookworms (A. tubaejbrmae) in cats. 

In the present review, an attempt is made to summarise the information available on natural products with antinematodal activity. Secondary metabolites from terrestrial plants and marine, fungal and bacterial sources are considered and aspects of their chemistry, structure and biological activity are reviewed. They are grouped according to their biosynthetic origin, often presumed, to facilitate comparison between structure and activity. 

Remarkably few diterpenes appear to have been tested for antinematodal activity. It would seem worthwhile to evaluate the activity of... 

Phytoalexins can be elicited in plants by a variety of agents, including viruses, microorganisms and nematodes [292, 293]. When resistant plants are infected by nematodes, phytoalexins with antinematodal activity can be produced [294]. Some coumestans have been implicated in the resistance of plants to nematodes. For example, when the roots of the resistant lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) were inoculated with Pratylensus scribneri, coumestrol (181) accumulated at the site of nematode attack. In vitro, coumestrol (5 ig/ml) inhibited the motility of the nematode [294]. Correlative evidence for a functional role of related compounds in resistance towards nematodes has been obtained [295-297]. In particular, nematode attack on the roots elicits the transcription of genes encoding several enzymes of the shikimate pathway that leads to phytoalexin production. Induction of enzyme activity results from transcriptional activation of the genes leading to increased levels of translatable mRNA [298]. 

The ew-dimethyl 2,3-dihydro-5/f-l,4-benzodioxepin moiety occurs in several natmal products, for example, in the paraherquamides, which exhibit potent anthelmintic and antinematodal activity, and in the marcfortines (72 marcfortine B). In the course of the total synthesis of (+)-para-herquamide B (71), the synthesis of the benzodioxepin unit by phenylselenoetherification and by epoxidation followed by a Lewis add-mediated ring closure was explored, but the phenylselenoetherification only gave poor yields of (74). The dehydration of the secondary alcohol (77) was effected with methyltriphenoxyphosphonitun iodide (MTPI) in HMPA (Scheme 7) <90TL6325, 96JA557). 

Ghisalberti, E.L., 2002. Secondary metabolites with antinematodal activity. In Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman (ed.), Vol. 26, pp. 425-506. Amsterdam Elsevier Science BV. 

Several papers have "been published dealing with the anthelmintic activity of the di-isothi yanate (XXI). The compound appears to he effective against hookworm 5o-1d3 and ineffective against ascarids. 59>loO Niridazole (XIV) in 25-30 mg. daily doses for ten days was effective in the treatment of guinea-worm infections (Dracontiasis).l° A 5 Animal studies with thiazolinitim (XXII) ° and benzothiazolinium salts (XXIIl) ° indicate antinematode activity. 

BaCikova D, Betina V, Nemec P. Antinematodal activity of the antibiotic cyanein. Naturwissenschcrften 1964 51(18) 445 5. 

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