Antimony oxychlorides

The formation of antimony trichloride from antimony oxychloride has been described by two different mechanisms. One asserts that formation is via a thermal disproportionation as described in equations 3—6 (12). 

After firing, the powder is washed in water typically with a small amount of complexing agent such as ethylenediarninetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium EDTA, or a weak acid such as citric acid to remove the excess chloride, volatile antimony oxychlorides which have recondensed on the phosphor during cooling, and manganese compounds which are not incorporated in the halophosphate lattice. The powder is then ready for suspension. 

In volume terms the most important class of fire retardants are the phosphates. Tritolyl phosphate and trixylyl phosphate are widely used plasticisers which more or less maintain the fire-retarding characteristics of PVC (unlike the phthalates, which reduce the flame resistance of PVC products). Better results are, however, sometimes obtained using halophosphates such as tri(chloroethyl) phosphate, particularly when used in conjunction with antimony oxide, triphenyl stibine or antimony oxychloride. 

Antimonyl chloride (sometimes called antimony oxychloride) is known as a "basic chloride." It is insoluble in water, but aqueous solutions of the trihalides can be made if enough HX is present to prevent hydrolysis. Adding water to reduce the concentration of acid causes the oxychloride to precipitate. 

Erifon A process for making cellulose textiles flame-resistant. Titanium and antimony oxychlorides are applied from acid solution and the cloth is then neutralized with sodium carbonate solution. Invented by Du Pont in 1947. See also Titanox FR. 

Titanox FR A process for making cellulose textiles flame-resistant by treating them with titanyl acetate chloride and antimony oxychloride. Invented in 1951 by W. F. Sullivan and I. M. Panik at the National Lead Company, New York. See also Erifon. 

To prepare antimony oxychloride, 50g of antimony trichloride (No. 77) are stirred well with 35ml of water and allowed to stand for 2-3 days. The white product is filtered off, washed with 50ml of 95% alcohol and with the same volume of ether. The material is dried at 100°C. 

There are some facts to support a theory that effective quenching gases can be formed from the high temperature reaction products of the mastic, as, for example, hydrochloric acid and antimony oxide to form antimony oxychloride. The Department of the Army, Office of Quartermaster General (1), reports that combination of antimony oxide and hydrochloric acid at flame temperatures is more efficient in extinguishing a fire than either component alone. 

Pitts, J. J. Scott, P. H. Powell D. G. Thermal decomposition of antimony oxychloride and mode in flame retardancy, Journal of Cellular Plastics, 1970, 6(1), 35-37. 

Bagdanova, V. V. Fedeev, S. S. Lesnikovic, A. I. Klimovtsova, I. A. Sviridov, V. V. The formation of antimony oxychloride in flame retardant mixtures and its influence on flame retardant efficiency, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1985, 11, 205-210. 

Antimony Trichloride from Stibnite, SbCl3 (by-product antimony oxychloride)... 

Antimony Oxychloride. Pour the first portion of the distillate saved from the above procedure into 2 liters of water. Stir, allow to settle, and draw off the clear liquid. Stir up with water once more, let settle, draw off as much of the water as possible, and drain the precipitate on a suction filter. Dry it on paper towels and put it up in a cork-stoppered test tube. 

IV.14 CHLORIDES, Cl- Solubility Most chlorides are soluble in water. Mercury(I) chloride, Hg2Cl2, silver chloride, AgCl, lead chloride, PbCl2 (this is sparingly soluble in cold but readily soluble in boiling water), copper(I) chloride, CuCl, bismuth oxychloride, BiOCl, antimony oxychloride, SbOCl, and mercury(II) oxychloride, Hg2OCl2, are insoluble in water. 

Antimony Chlorides. Two compds are of interest Antimony Trichloride(Buttet of Antimony), SbCl raw 228.13, col cryst solid, mp 73.4, bp 219-23, d 3.14 sol in coned HCl in org sol vs insol in w or dil HCI, It is prepd by the reaction of Sb on a limited amt of Cl or by dissolving the sulfide in coned HCI, distilling the excess acid, and purifying the chloride by sublimation. The compd is very hygr and is hydrolyzed to Antimony Oxychloride SbOCl, used as a smoke-prpducing agent Antimony Pentachlcride SbCJ mw 299.05, col liq, yel when impute, fr p 2.8 , bp 140°... 

Properties Colorless, transparent, very hygroscopic, crystalline mass. Fumes slightly in air. D 3.14, bp 223.6C, mp 73.2C. Soluble in alcohol, acetone, acids. With water forms antimony oxychloride. 

To a solution of SbCl, (15 g, 50 mmol) in CCI4 (50 mL) was added dropwise a solution of norborna-2,5-diene (9.2 g, 100 mmol) in CCI4, (150 mL) at 25 °C and the resulting clear solution was stirred for 10 min. HjO was added to this solution and the precipitated antimony oxychloride was filtered. Then the organic layer was distilled to give the products yields 6.5 g (80%) bp 95-96°C/22 Torr. This 58 42 mixture of stereoisomers 11 and 12 was separated by preparative GC. 

Meaction.—With water it produces antimonious oxychloride i—... 

ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE (10025-91-9) Cl3Sb Contact with moist air forms corrosive hydrogen chloride fumes. Contact with water, steam forms hydrochloric acid and toxic antimony oxychloride. Aqueous solution is an acid. Violent reaction with ammonia, strong bases, amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides alkali metals finely divided aluminum potassium, sodium. Attacks metals, releasing flammable... 

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