Antimony nausea

OSHA PEL TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 ACGIH TLV TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 Proposed (inhalable fraction) 0.1 mg/m Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen) NiOSH REL (Antimony) TWA 0.5 mg/m SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion. Human systemic effects by ingestion nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal effects. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of T, NOx, and Sb. See also ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS, EMETINE and IODIDES. 

Allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) have been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial in 150 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (2). They received oral allopurinol (15 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks or intramuscular meglumine antimoniate (30 mg/kg/day, corresponding to 8 mg/kg/day of pentavalent antimony, for 2 weeks), or combined therapy. There were a few adverse effects in those who used allopurinol nausea, heartburn (n = 3), and mild increases in transaminases (n = 2). These symptoms subsided on drug withdrawal. 

In an open study, 72 patients each received meglumine antimoniate (60 mg/kg/day) or allopurinol (20 mg/kg/day) plus low-dose meglumine antimoniate (30 mg/kg/day) for 20 days, and each was followed for 30 days after the end of treatment (3). Only six patients in the combined treatment group complained of mild abdominal pain and nausea however, one patient who received meglumine antimoniate developed a skin eruption. Generalized muscle pain and weakness occurred in four patients. 

Common adverse effects of antimony treatment include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle ache, headache, lethargy, and bone and joint pain. 

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are common with antimonials (30). 

Cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis and ulceration. Several salts (e.g. tartar emetic potassium antimony tartrate) have been used therapeutically as parasiticides. The dark cosmetic Kohl is finely powdered antimony sulphide. Stibine poisonous gas SbHj, produced by action of acid on antimony residues, such as can occur in storage batteries. Nausea, vomiting, colic, can be fatal. Stibine produces liver damage and jaundice, as does arsine. 

Vertigo lightheadedness nausea other gastrointestinal disturbances nightmares visual distirrbances headache confusion psychosis hypotension convulsions coma M iunine Antimoniate—similar to stibogluconate sodium Melarsoprol... 

Human Toxicity Antimony and its compds have been reported to cause dermatitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis and nasal septal ulceration by contact, fumes or dust. Caulion Avoid conditions in which nascent hydrogen will react with antimony to form stibine (SbHj), which is extremely toxic (nausea, vomiting, headache, hemolysis, hematuria, abdominal pain, death). Stibine can be liberated from storage batteries when nascent hydrogen reacts, in an acid medium, with antimony present in the battery plates E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Metals (Appleton-Century Crofts, New York, 2nd ed., 1969) pp 23-38. 

A. Acute ingestion of antimony causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (often bloody). Hepatitis and renal insufficiency may occur. Death is rare if the patient survives the initial gastroenteritis. 

The charging points for industrial electric carts are not places of work where antimony would normally be expected because it is not a declared industrial material here. However, stibine can be evolved under some circumstances when lead accumulators are charged, so that workers permanently employed at charging stations are exposed to antimony, as can be confirmed from blood and urine analysis. Here the most frequent complaints are nausea and lassitude. We have found levels of 20 pg Sb/liter blood in the workers at such sites [42]. 

The adverse effects of the pentavalent anti-monial compounds, sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate, that are widely used to treat leishmaniasis have been reviewed they include nausea. 

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