Antimony monochloride

RhCI2[g] RHODIUM DICHLORIDE (GAS) 1392 SbCI[g] ANTIMONY MONOCHLORIDE (GAS) 1437... 

In a batch process (176), a glass-lined jacketed iron vessel is charged with either sulfur monochloride or sulfur dichloride and about 1% of antimony trichloride as a catalyst. Chlorine is introduced into the reactor near the bottom. Liquid oleum is added to the reactor at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction mass is held at ca 25°C by the use of cooling water in the jacket. 

Reaction with iodine forms iodine monochloride, ICl which combines with excess SbCls to form adducts, SbCR 2IC1 and SbCls 31 Cl similarly reaction with chlorine trifluoride, CIF3 gives antimony dichlorotrifluoride, SbCbFs. 

Synthesis of sulfur tetrafluoride by fluorination of sulfur monochloride with elemental fluorine in the presence of antimony(III) chloride or phosphorus trichloride as a catalyst has also been reported 22-23 sulfur dichloride, which is formed as the byproduct, is converted back to sulfur monochloride in an absorber filled with granulated sulfur and then recycled. 

It is convenient, however, to use the commoner monochloride, with which a similar reaction readily occurs at 75° to 80° C. the sulphur produced can be reconverted continuously into monochloride by means of a current of chlorine, and the formation of the thionyl chloride can be assisted by the addition of suitable catalysts, such as antimony trichloride or mercuric chloride. 

Selenium and tellurium are converted into their respective tetrachlorides by thionyl chloride, whilst gold, mercury, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, tin and iron give a mixture of the metallic chloride with sulphur dioxide and sulphur monochloride,2 for example ... 

Towards metallic oxides the behaviour of thionyl chloride is similar to that of sulphur monochloride, which is perhaps hardly surprising in view of the course of its thermal decomposition. The reaction is fairly general, the oxide being converted into the corresponding anhydrous chloride. From the action of the chloride on zinc oxide (at 150° C.), cadmium oxide (at 200° C.), arsenious oxide (up to 200° C.), antimony trioxide (at room temperature), bismuth trioxide (at 150° to 200° C.), ferric oxide (at 150° C.), magnesium oxide (at 150° to 200° C.), cupric oxide (at 200° C.) and cuprous oxide (at 200° C.), it may be concluded that the main reaction, assuming a bivalent metal, M, is as follows ... 

The reaction very likely proceeds through the disproportionation of 4-ethoxyphenyl tellurium monochloride to tellurium and the diaryl tellurium dichloride. Bis[trifluoromethyl] tellurium transferred its trifluoromethyl groups to iodine, sulfur, selenium, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony on heating with the elements, sulfur dichloride, selenium tetrabromide, or the triiodides of phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony at 170 to 220° in sealed tubes3. 

Aside from these three classes (species with unfilled inner subshells, with unpaired electrons, or with two different oxidation states of the same element), there are a number of colored inorganic substances about which generalizations may be set up only with difficulty. Among these are many of the elementary nonmetals, a large number of covalent salts (such as mercuric iodide, cadmium sulfide, silver phosphate and lithium nitride), a number of nonmetal halides (iodine monochloride, selenium tetrachloride, antimony tri-iodide, etc.), and the colored ions, chromate, permanganate, and Ce(H20) v, whose central atoms presumably have rare-gas structures. 

AICI[g] ALUMINIUM MONOCHLORIDE (GAS) 29 AlSb ALUMINIUM ANTIMONY 68... 

Iodine monochloride, titamum chloride and antimony pentachloride react vith phosphenyl chloride according to the following equations ... 

The high conductivities of the solutions of alkali chlorides in nqiolten iodine monochloride would permit the assumption that the chloride ions possess abnormally high mobilities. This has been shown to occur in arsenic (III) chloride and antimony (III) chloridei s by the results of transport number measurements. A chain-conduction mechanism involving chloride ions may be in operation. 

---