Antihypertensive drugs antidepressants

The hypotensive effects of most antihypertensive dru are increased when administered with diuretics and other antihypertensives. Many dnigp can interact with the antihypertensive drugs and decrease their effectiveness (eg, antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antihistamines, and sympathomimetic bronchodilators). When the ACE inhibitors are administered with the NSAIDs, their antihypertensive effect may be decreased. Absorption of the ACE inhibitors may be decreased when administered with the antacids. Administration of potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements concurrently with the ACE inhibitors may cause hyperkalemia. When the angiotensin II receptor agonists are administered with... 

A number of medications have been associated with an increased risk of falling, including drugs affecting mental status such as antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, sedative-hypnotics, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids. Some cardiovascular and antihypertensive drugs also can contribute to falls, especially those causing orthostatic hypotension.9... 

Proponents of the clinical mirror theory of bioequivalence would like to see increased emphasis placed on quantification of pharmacodynamic values. In some instance we can readily identify how reliable and relevant pharmacodynamic values can be measured. For example, for an antihypertensive drug, measurement of blood pressure changes can be conveniently, inexpensively and objectively determined. However, for other types of drug (e.g., antidepressants) it is not easy to conceive any simple pharmacodynamic attributes that could be readily determined. 

Clonidine is an agonist at a - and o 2-adreno-ceptor subtypes. It reduce the sympathetic tonus and is thereby a useful antihypertensive drug. Clonidine can induce sedation, depression and peripheral side effects like a dry mouth. Unspecific a-adrenoceptor blocking agents like tricyclic antidepressants can reduce the antihypertensice effect of clonidine. 

Svensson TH, Usdin T (1978) Feedback inhibition of brain noradrenaline neurons by tricyclic antidepressants a-receptor mediation. Science 202 1089-91 Svensson TH, Bunney BS, Aghajanian G (1975) Inhibition of both noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons in the brain by the a-adrenergic agonist clonidine. Brain Res 92 291-306 Szabo B (2002) Imidazoline antihypertensive drugs a critical review on their mechanism of action. Pharmacol Therapeut, 93 1-35... 

Reboxetine Reboxetine should not be given, even after termination of MAOI therapy. Care must be exercised when treating with antihypertensive drugs, antiar-rhythmics, cyclosporin, antipsychotics, tricyclics, fluvoxamine, antidepressants, azole antifungals, and macrolide antibacterials. 

Long-acting antihistamine Antihypertensive Cardiovascular Antidepressant Veterinary drug... 

Figure 2.8 Clonidine 23 was designed as a nasal decongestant but it turned out to be a potent antihypertensive drug. Clinical tests revealed the antidepressant activity of iproniazid 24, an isopropyl analog of the antituberculosis drug isoniazid 25. D-Penicillamine 26 was originally used to treat Wilson s disease, to eliminate an excess of copper ions later it was recognized to have beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis.

Drugs Exhibiting Hypotensive Effects. Certain antihypertensive drugs, as well as some other classes of medications (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants), can cause orthostatic hypotension, which results in dizziness, lightheadedness, and in more severe cases, syncope. Older patients are more susceptible to this type of response and the associated risks, such as falls and injuries. Appropriate precautions should be exercised whether these agents are given alone or in combination. 

In conclusion, the incorporation of an acetylenic moiety into a benzylamine structure conferred completely novel biochemical and therapeutic properties on an otherwise inert phenylalkylamine. Outstanding in this respect are the potent MAO-inhibitory, antihypertensive, and antidepressant effects of this new drug. The potent autonomic side effects normally encountered with the ganglionic blocking type antihypertensive agents are much less pronounced with this drug and a definite advance has been scored toward achieving selectivity of action. 

While drug interactions based on pharmacokinetics do occur with sedative-hypnotics, the most common drug interaction is additive CNS depression. Additive effects can be predicted with concomitant use of alcoholic beverages, anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics and phenothiazines. Less obvious but equally important is enhanced CNS depression with many antihistamines, antihypertensives, and antidepressants of the tricyclic class. The answer is (A). 

Gundert-Remy U, Amann E, Hildebrandt R, Weber E. Lack of interaction between the tetracyclic antidepressant maprotiline and the centrally acting antihypertensive drug clcmidine. EurJClm Pharmacol (1983) 25,595-9. 

A very well documented and well established interaction of clinical importance. Not every combination of guanethidine and tricyclic antidepressant has been studied but all are expected to interact similarly. Concurrent use should be avoided unless the effects are very closely monitored and the interaction balanced by raising the dosage of the antihypertensive. Note that the use of guanethidine and related adrenergic neurone blockers has largely been superseded by other antihypertensive drug classes. 

Drug-induced Antihypertensives, antiandrogens, antidepressants, alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking Central suppression, decreased libido, alcoholic neuropathy, vascular insufficiency... 

Summary - Even a cursory look at the literature on cannabis would lead one to the conclusion that marijuana is "a drug for all reasons". Perhaps the many biological activities of marijuana impeded its therapeutic use during the past 1+0 years. As recently as 19T1 the natural material or THC appeared to offer little advantage over currently used medications used as sedatives, analgesics, antidepressants and antihypertensive drugs... 

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