Antihistamines antiparkinsonian

Anticholinergic agents antihistamines, antiparkinsonian agents, tricyclic antidepressants, pheno-thiazines... 

Anesthetics Antihistamines Antiparkinsonian agents Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Chloral hydrate Hypoglycemic agents Opiate analgesics Thyroid extract Tricyclic antidepressants... 

Uremia Antihistamines Antiparkinsonian agents Antispasmodics Ophthalmic preparations OTC sleep/allergy medications Tricyclic antidepressants Other medications Analgesics/NS AIDs Anticonvulsants Corticosteroids (high dose) Digoxin H2 blockers Insulin Muscle relaxants Narcotics Psychotropics (anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic) Sedative/hypnotic Sulfonylurea... 

Physostigmine Anticholinergics atropine, antihistamine, antiparkinsonian—NOT tricyclics... 

Of the several syntheses available for the phenothiazine ring system, perhaps the simplest is the sulfuration reaction. This consists of treating the corresponding diphenylamine with a mixture of sulfur and iodine to afford directly the desired heterocycle. Since the proton on the nitrogen of the resultant molecule is but weakly acidic, strong bases are required to form the corresponding anion in order to carry out subsequent alkylation reactions. In practice such diverse bases as ethylmagnesium bromide, sodium amide, and sodium hydride have all been used. Alkylation with (chloroethyl)diethylamine affords diethazine (1), a compound that exhibits both antihista-minic and antiParkinsonian activity. Substitution of w-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine in this sequence leads to pyrathiazine (2), an antihistamine of moderate potency. 

Central Motor restlessness, progressing to maniacal agitation, psychic disturbances, disorientation, and hallucinations. Elderly subjects are more sensitive to such central effects, in this context, the diversity of drugs producing atropine-like side effects should be borne in mind e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, antihistamines, antiarrhythmics, antiparkinsonian agents. 

Anticholinergic drugs - atropine, hyoscine, scopolamine, antiparkinsonian drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antihistamines, antidepressants... 

Several of the older generation antihistamines are used exclusively for situations that do not involve an allergic reaction. For example, some demonstrate significant antiemetic, antimotion sickness, antiparkinsonian, antitussive, and local anesthetic actions (some Hj antagonists are more potent than procaine). They can be found in many OTC products, particularly for the relief of symptoms from the common cold and allergies, as well as by prescription. The effectiveness of the agents in the treatment of motion sickness and Parkinson s disease may be attributed to their anticholinergic actions. 

Benztropine Mesylate, USP. Benztropine mesylate. 3o-(diphenylmethoxy)-1 otH.SatH-ttopane methane.sulfonaic (Cogentin), has anticholinergic, antihistaminic. and local anesthetic properties. Its anticholineigic effect makes it applicable as an antiparkinsonian agent. It is about as potent an anticholinergic as atropine and shares some of the side effects of this drug, such as mydriasis and dryness of mouth. Importantly, however, it does not produce central stimulation but instead exerts the characteristic. sedative effect of the antihistamine.s. 

Interaction with over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations, antihistamines, amphetamines, insulin, narcotics, and antiparkinsonian medications... 

Additive effects are likely after concomitant use of nortriptyline with CNS depressants, including alcohol, analgesics, barbiturates, narcotics, tranquilizers, and anesthetics (oversedation) atropine and other anticholinergic drugs, including phenothiazines, antihistamines, meperidine, and antiparkinsonian agents (oversedation, paralytic ileus, visual changes, and severe constipation) and metrizamide (increased risk of convulsions). 

Crystals, mp 168-170°, Sol in ale sparingly sol in water. theraP cat Antihistaminic. Anti-emetic. Antiparkinsonian. 

It is not yet clear whether amantadine blocks uptake of dopamine (or ocher catecholamines) in brain to prolong the useful presence of transmitter. While uptake block of dopamine and norepinephrine has been reported at high amantadine doses, it probably does not play a major role and the evidence of several groups is against it O SS. fhe qtiantitative and qualitative relations must be worked out before the role of reuptake block of catecholamines can be assessed. Snyder suggested that catecholamine uptake blockade (mainly block of dopamine uptake by striatum) may contribute to the mode of action of anticholinergics and antihistamines in antiparkinsonian therapy. 

The piperidine ring is probably the most common heterocycle occurring in pharmaceuticals. Piperidine is often used as a secondary amine in the synthesis of drugs. The local anesthetic bupivacaine (28, used as the racemate or the (S)-enantiomer levobupiva-caine) is a pipecolinic acid derivative. The antihistamine bamipine (29) and the analgesic fentanyl (30) are derived from 4-aminopiperidines. The antidiarrheal diphenoxylate (31) and the antiparkinsonian agent budipine (32) are 4-arylpiperidine derivatives. 

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