Antigen-presenting dendritic cells

Kiertscher SM, Roth MD. Human CD14+ leukocytes acquire the phenotype and function of antigen-presenting dendritic cells when cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1996, 59, 208-218. 

Murakami, H., Akbar, S. M. F., Matsui, H., Horiike, N., and Onji M. 2002. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor activates antigen-presenting dendritic cells and induces inflammatory cytokines in ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 128 504—510. 

CeU recruitment to the site of damage (monocytes that infiltrate tissues to become macrophages, neutrophils, antigen-presenting dendritic cells, lymphocytes including B- and T-ceUs (leading to an adaptive immune response), natural killer cells (an effector cell in innate immunity) and eosinophils). 

The activation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (APCs) is central to the initiation of adaptive immunity. It is believed that the immune system has... 

Romani N, Koide S, Crowley M. Witmer-Pack M. Livingstone AM, Fathman CG. Inaba K. Steinman RM Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones. Intact protein is presented best by immature, epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 1989 169 1169-1178. 18... 

Holt, P.G., Schon-Hegrad, M.A. and Oliver, J. (1988). MHC class II antigen-bearing dendritic cells in pulmonary tissues of the rat. Regulation of antigen presentation activity by endogenous macrophage populations. J. Exp. Med. 167, 262-274. 

Bhardwaj N (2001) Processing and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells implications for vaccines. Trends Mol Med 7 388-394... 

Autoimmune Disease. Figure 1 Mechanisms of self tolerance. DC, dendritic (antigen presenting) cell T, T-lymphocyte Th, T helper lymphocyte Treg, T regulatory lymphocyte. For details see text. 

Dendritic cells (DC) are important antigen-presenting cells mostly derived from the bone marrow. Microscopically they show characteristic long cytoplasmic extensions called dendrites. There are several types of specialized DC present in all lymphoid tissues and major... 

Parallel to orchestrating acute inflammatory processes by providing an optimal milieu of cytokines, mediators, and adhesion molecules in order to recruit and activate effector cells to the site of infection, dendritic cells also setve as professional antigen-presenting cells for cells of the adaptive immune system ( antigen presentation ... 

In the specialized environment of secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen, dendritic cells provide the requirements for naive T-lymphocytes to become activated and to proliferate. The professional antigen-presenting cells present peptides in MHC II, express costimulatory molecules, and release cytokines into the immunological synapse, which is formed by the antigen-presenting cell and the naive T-lymphocyte. Thus, cells of innate immunity initiate and facilitate the activation of naive lymphocytes, and it is easily conceivable that their cytokines and adhesion molecules will instruct the naive T-lymphocyte during activation and differentiation to T-effector cells. 

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