Cytoplasmic extension

Dendritic cells (DC) are important antigen-presenting cells mostly derived from the bone marrow. Microscopically they show characteristic long cytoplasmic extensions called dendrites. There are several types of specialized DC present in all lymphoid tissues and major... 

The process of hatching in the Cyclophyllidea, which results in the release of the oncosphere, has been discussed in Chapter 7. The basic structure of a mature oncosphere (Fig. 8.16), which will not be discussed in detail here, does not vary substantially between species. It is composed essentially of (a) a thin covering epithelium with cytoplasmic extensions, (b) an additional complex system of muscles operating the three pairs of hooks, (c) a pair of large penetration glands, (d) a small core of germinative cells from which the next larval stage develops and (e) a primitive nervous system. 

In the separation of alveolar air space and blood circulation, the alveolar epithelium is a more restrictive paracellular barrier than the capillary endothelium. About one-third of the alveolar epithelial cells are type I cells, but these cells make up approximately 95% of the cellular surface area. The remaining two-thirds of the alveolar epithelial cells that comprise the remaining 5% of the cellular surface area are the surfactant-producing cuboidal type II cells.43,45,52 Type I cells have thin cytoplasmic extensions and exhibit a large number of plasmalemmal invaginations called caveolae, which may play a role in macromolecular and protein transport across the blood-air barrier of the lung.44,45,58,59... 

Selden LA, Kinosian HJ, Estes JE, Gershman LC (1999) Impact of profilin on actin-bound nucleotide exchange and actin polymerization dynamics. Biochemistry 38 2769-2778 Sharma A, Lambrechts A, Hao le T, Le TT, Sewry CA, et al (2005) A role for complexes of survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein with gemins and profilin in neurite-Uke cytoplasmic extensions of cultured nerve cells. Exp Cell Res 309 185-197... 

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