Antigen presenting cell activation

Del Pozo, V., De Andrds, B., Martin, E., Cardaba, B., Fernandez, J.C., Gallardo, S., Tramdn, P., Leyva-Cobian, F., Palomino, P. and Lahoz, C. (1992). Eosinophil as antigen-presenting cell activation of T cell clones and T cell hybri-doma by eosinophils after antigen processing. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 1919-1925. 

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are cells of the immune system that are able to process and present foreign antigens to effector cells. The antigen is presented in the context of an MHC-I or MHC-II molecule on APCs in the presence of so-called costimulatory molecules to activate the effector cells. 

Parallel to orchestrating acute inflammatory processes by providing an optimal milieu of cytokines, mediators, and adhesion molecules in order to recruit and activate effector cells to the site of infection, dendritic cells also setve as professional antigen-presenting cells for cells of the adaptive immune system ( antigen presentation ... 

In the specialized environment of secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen, dendritic cells provide the requirements for naive T-lymphocytes to become activated and to proliferate. The professional antigen-presenting cells present peptides in MHC II, express costimulatory molecules, and release cytokines into the immunological synapse, which is formed by the antigen-presenting cell and the naive T-lymphocyte. Thus, cells of innate immunity initiate and facilitate the activation of naive lymphocytes, and it is easily conceivable that their cytokines and adhesion molecules will instruct the naive T-lymphocyte during activation and differentiation to T-effector cells. 

Causes apoptosis in T and antigen-presenting cells, preventing initial T cell activation ... 

The development of effector T cells following activation by antigen-presenting cells also requires the interaction of another receptor-ligand pair. CD40 molecules on antigen-presenting cells are required to bind... 

The activation of a T-cell response and subsequent efficacy of DNA vaccines is ultimately determined by professional antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells (Corr et al., 1996 Doe et al., 1996 Iwasaki et al., 1997 Ulmer et al., 1996). It follows that successful DNA vaccination strategies should seek to target DNA... 

It is reasonable to presume that the immunogenic and adjuvant activity of lipospheres may be the result of a combination of factors. These factors may include a focused and enhanced delivery of the antigen to an antigen-presenting cell (macrophage) and protection of the antigen from metabolic destruction at other sites in the body that do no participate in the immune response. 

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